6,704 research outputs found
A Physiologically Based System Theory of Consciousness
A system which uses large numbers of devices to perform a complex functionality is forced to adopt a simple functional architecture by the needs to construct copies of, repair, and modify the system. A simple functional architecture means that functionality is partitioned into relatively equal sized components on many levels of detail down to device level, a mapping exists between the different levels, and exchange of information between components is minimized. In the instruction architecture functionality is partitioned on every level into instructions, which exchange unambiguous system information and therefore output system commands. The von Neumann architecture is a special case of the instruction architecture in which instructions are coded as unambiguous system information. In the recommendation (or pattern extraction) architecture functionality is partitioned on every level into repetition elements, which can freely exchange ambiguous information and therefore output only system action recommendations which must compete for control of system behavior. Partitioning is optimized to the best tradeoff between even partitioning and minimum cost of distributing data. Natural pressures deriving from the need to construct copies under DNA control, recover from errors, failures and damage, and add new functionality derived from random mutations has resulted in biological brains being constrained to adopt the recommendation architecture. The resultant hierarchy of functional separations can be the basis for understanding psychological phenomena in terms of physiology. A theory of consciousness is described based on the recommendation architecture model for biological brains. Consciousness is defined at a high level in terms of sensory independent image sequences including self images with the role of extending the search of records of individual experience for behavioral guidance in complex social situations. Functional components of this definition of consciousness are developed, and it is demonstrated that these components can be translated through subcomponents to descriptions in terms of known and postulated physiological mechanisms
Vision-Based Multi-Task Manipulation for Inexpensive Robots Using End-To-End Learning from Demonstration
We propose a technique for multi-task learning from demonstration that trains
the controller of a low-cost robotic arm to accomplish several complex picking
and placing tasks, as well as non-prehensile manipulation. The controller is a
recurrent neural network using raw images as input and generating robot arm
trajectories, with the parameters shared across the tasks. The controller also
combines VAE-GAN-based reconstruction with autoregressive multimodal action
prediction. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to learn complex
manipulation tasks, such as picking up a towel, wiping an object, and
depositing the towel to its previous position, entirely from raw images with
direct behavior cloning. We show that weight sharing and reconstruction-based
regularization substantially improve generalization and robustness, and
training on multiple tasks simultaneously increases the success rate on all
tasks
Crossway Diffusion: Improving Diffusion-based Visuomotor Policy via Self-supervised Learning
Sequence modeling approaches have shown promising results in robot imitation
learning. Recently, diffusion models have been adopted for behavioral cloning,
benefiting from their exceptional capabilities in modeling complex data
distribution. In this work, we propose Crossway Diffusion, a method to enhance
diffusion-based visuomotor policy learning by using an extra self-supervised
learning (SSL) objective. The standard diffusion-based policy generates action
sequences from random noise conditioned on visual observations and other
low-dimensional states. We further extend this by introducing a new decoder
that reconstructs raw image pixels (and other state information) from the
intermediate representations of the reverse diffusion process, and train the
model jointly using the SSL loss. Our experiments demonstrate the effectiveness
of Crossway Diffusion in various simulated and real-world robot tasks,
confirming its advantages over the standard diffusion-based policy. We
demonstrate that such self-supervised reconstruction enables better
representation for policy learning, especially when the demonstrations have
different proficiencies.Comment: 18 pages, 10 figure
- …