Meeting the traffic requirements of residential users in the next decade with current FTTH standards: How much? How long?

Traffic demand in access networks has grown in recent years, and service providers need to upgrade their infrastructure to the latest access standards. While fiber has become the preferred technology of choice in access networks, there are many fibre access technologies available inthe market. This poses challenging questions to operators that are not always easy to answer: How to upgrade? What technology and for howlong wil it cope with the demands? In this article we model the traffic forecast in access networks for the next decade and analyze possible upgradescenarios of fibre access networks, concluding which of the NG-PON flavors could better fit the demand.The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the Spanish project TEXEO (grant no. TEC2016-80339-R), and the EU-funded project Fed4Fire (grant no. 318389) to the development of this work

Research challenges on energy-efficient networking design

The networking research community has started looking into key questions on energy efficiency of communication networks. The European Commission activated under the FP7 the TREND Network of Excellence with the goal of establishing the integration of the EU research community in green networking with a long perspective to consolidate the European leadership in the field. TREND integrates the activities of major European players in networking, including manufacturers, operators, research centers, to quantitatively assess the energy demand of current and future telecom infrastructures, and to design energy-efficient, scalable and sustainable future networks. This paper describes the main results of the TREND research community and concludes with a roadmap describing the next steps for standardization, regulation agencies and research in both academia and industry.The research leading to these results has received funding from the EU 7th Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under Grant Agreement No. 257740 (NoE TREND)

Cloud radio access network fronthaul solution using optimized dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm

In order to address the challenges that have come with the exploding demand for higher speed, traffic growth and mobile wireless devices, Mobile network operators have decided to move to the notion of small cells based on cloud radio access network. The merits of cloud based RAN includes the ease of infrastructure deployment and network management as well as the fact that its performance are optimized and it is cost effective the merits of cloud based RAN includes the ease of infrastructure deployment and network management as well as the fact that its performance are optimized and it is cost effective. Notwithstanding, cloud radio access network comes with so many strict requirements to be fulfilled for its fronthaul network. In this paper, we have presented these requirements for a 5G fronthaul network. Particular interest on the time division multiplex passive optical network’s challenge of latency was treated by proposing an optimized version of the round robin dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm. Results obtained show an improvement in the latency of the original algorithm which meets the fronthaul requirement. Other test parameters like jitter and BER were also improved by our proposed optimized algorithm

Demonstration of wireless backhauling over long-reach PONs

An IEEE 802.16e-2005 (WiMAX) compliant, longreach passive optical network is demonstrated, focusing on the development of next generation optical access with transparent wireless backhauling. In addition to the extended feeder reach, a wavelength band overlay is used to enhance network scalability by maintaining passive splitting in the field and with some design modification at the optical line terminal and remote base station. Radio-over-fiber is used to minimize network installation and maintenance costs through the use of simple remote radio heads complemented by frequency division multiplexing to address individual base stations. The implementation of overlapping radio cells/sectors is also proposed to provide joint signal processing at wireless user terminals. Experimental measurements confirmed EVMs below -30 and -23 dB downstream and upstream, respectively, over fiber link lengths of up to 84.6 km. In addition, adjacent channel leakage ratio measurements demonstrated that a figure of -45 dB with 40 MHz subcarrier spacing, as specified by the standard, can be readily achieved.Peer reviewe

A Northeast Safe and Thriving for All

Final Report to NOAA Climate Program Office Climate Adaptation Partnerships Planning Gran

Defining an Adaptable Communications System for All Railways

Within Innovation Program 2 (IP2) of the European Shift2Rail Joint Undertaking, a Technology Demonstrator (TD) “adaptable communications for all railways” activity was created to bring together key stakeholders, to investigate the future communication needs, define and specify key functions and finally develop prototypes to prove the feasibility and capabilities of an adaptable communication subsystem for railways."br" A key aspect of the future adaptable communication system will be the support of multiple access technologies, including but not limited to LTE, 5G, Wi-Fi or SatCom, combined with bearer independence to address availability, resiliency, performance, capacity, security, safety and maintainability requirements of existing and new railway applications."br" The first project within IP2 is named X2Rail-1 and it has already started to"br" • collect, assess and qualify user and system requirements from users and stakeholders, including railway operators, infrastructure managers, regulatory groups and related associations;"br" • undertake business model analysis with the aim to explore new operating and deployment models ranging from dedicated and hybrid networks to “network-as-a-service” approaches;"br" • specify the architecture, subsystems and functions needed to enable an adaptable communication system and"br" • assess key criteria and create guidelines for the selection of appropriate communication technologies or radio network candidates."br" The paper will outline the key findings and will provide an outlook of the prototype developments planned in upcoming X2Rail projects. It will also explain the expected improvements and benefits of the future adaptable communication systems for the different railway domains to support the goals of the Shift2Rail Joint Undertaking. Document type: Part of book or chapter of boo

Wavelength reconfigurability for next generation optical access networks

Next generation optical access networks should not only increase the capacity but also be able to redistribute the capacity on the fly in order to manage larger variations in traffic patterns. Wavelength reconfigurability is the instrument to enable such capability of network-wide bandwidth redistribution since it allows dynamic sharing of both wavelengths and timeslots in WDM-TDM optical access networks. However, reconfigurability typically requires tunable lasers and tunable filters at the user side, resulting in cost-prohibitive optical network units (ONU). In this dissertation, I propose a novel concept named cyclic-linked flexibility to address the cost-prohibitive problem. By using the cyclic-linked flexibility, the ONU needs to switch only within a subset of two pre-planned wavelengths, however, the cyclic-linked structure of wavelengths allows free bandwidth to be shifted to any wavelength by a rearrangement process. Rearrangement algorithm are developed to demonstrate that the cyclic-linked flexibility performs close to the fully flexible network in terms of blocking probability, packet delay, and packet loss. Furthermore, the evaluation shows that the rearrangement process has a minimum impact to in-service ONUs. To realize the cyclic-linked flexibility, a family of four physical architectures is proposed. PRO-Access architecture is suitable for new deployments and disruptive upgrades in which the network reach is not longer than 20 km. WCL-Access architecture is suitable for metro-access merger with the reach up to 100 km. PSB-Access architecture is suitable to implement directly on power-splitter-based PON deployments, which allows coexistence with current technologies. The cyclically-linked protection architecture can be used with current and future PON standards when network protection is required