24,029 research outputs found
Attack-Surface Metrics, OSSTMM and Common Criteria Based Approach to “Composable Security” in Complex Systems
In recent studies on Complex Systems and Systems-of-Systems theory, a huge effort has been put to cope with behavioral problems, i.e. the possibility of controlling a desired overall or end-to-end behavior by acting on the individual elements that constitute the system itself. This problem is particularly important in the “SMART” environments, where the huge number of devices, their significant computational capabilities as well as their tight interconnection produce a complex architecture for which it is difficult to predict (and control) a desired behavior; furthermore, if the scenario is allowed to dynamically evolve through the modification of both topology and subsystems composition, then the control problem becomes a real challenge. In this perspective, the purpose of this paper is to cope with a specific class of control problems in complex systems, the “composability of security functionalities”, recently introduced by the European Funded research through the pSHIELD and nSHIELD projects (ARTEMIS-JU programme). In a nutshell, the objective of this research is to define a control framework that, given a target security level for a specific application scenario, is able to i) discover the system elements, ii) quantify the security level of each element as well as its contribution to the security of the overall system, and iii) compute the control action to be applied on such elements to reach the security target. The main innovations proposed by the authors are: i) the definition of a comprehensive methodology to quantify the security of a generic system independently from the technology and the environment and ii) the integration of the derived metrics into a closed-loop scheme that allows real-time control of the system. The solution described in this work moves from the proof-of-concepts performed in the early phase of the pSHIELD research and enrich es it through an innovative metric with a sound foundation, able to potentially cope with any kind of pplication scenarios (railways, automotive, manufacturing, ...)
Security, Privacy and Safety Risk Assessment for Virtual Reality Learning Environment Applications
Social Virtual Reality based Learning Environments (VRLEs) such as vSocial
render instructional content in a three-dimensional immersive computer
experience for training youth with learning impediments. There are limited
prior works that explored attack vulnerability in VR technology, and hence
there is a need for systematic frameworks to quantify risks corresponding to
security, privacy, and safety (SPS) threats. The SPS threats can adversely
impact the educational user experience and hinder delivery of VRLE content. In
this paper, we propose a novel risk assessment framework that utilizes attack
trees to calculate a risk score for varied VRLE threats with rate and duration
of threats as inputs. We compare the impact of a well-constructed attack tree
with an adhoc attack tree to study the trade-offs between overheads in managing
attack trees, and the cost of risk mitigation when vulnerabilities are
identified. We use a vSocial VRLE testbed in a case study to showcase the
effectiveness of our framework and demonstrate how a suitable attack tree
formalism can result in a more safer, privacy-preserving and secure VRLE
system.Comment: Tp appear in the CCNC 2019 Conferenc
Adding Salt to Pepper: A Structured Security Assessment over a Humanoid Robot
The rise of connectivity, digitalization, robotics, and artificial
intelligence (AI) is rapidly changing our society and shaping its future
development. During this technological and societal revolution, security has
been persistently neglected, yet a hacked robot can act as an insider threat in
organizations, industries, public spaces, and private homes. In this paper, we
perform a structured security assessment of Pepper, a commercial humanoid
robot. Our analysis, composed by an automated and a manual part, points out a
relevant number of security flaws that can be used to take over and command the
robot. Furthermore, we suggest how these issues could be fixed, thus, avoided
in the future. The very final aim of this work is to push the rise of the
security level of IoT products before they are sold on the public market.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, 4 table
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