Higher Mathematics Applied to Business Decisions

The use of mathematics in the study of business management, economics and accounting is apparently becoming more and more relevant to the students of these chosen fields. Although many faculty members in these fields learned their mathematics in graduate school and therefore have seen the need for higher mathematics, students wonder why they have to take a course in higher mathematics. In most instances the answer is not forthcoming in the math course itself. Mathematicians are not economists or accountants. The consequence of these simple facts is that the students conclude that mathematics is just an intellectual exercise that they must endure as a sort of initiation fee into their major field. This paper is designed to be used by students of business management, accounting and economics in conjunction with the current textbook for Mathematics 203 which is Linear Algebra, Calculus, and Probability: Fundamental Mathematics for the Social and Management Sciences by Lloyd S. Emerson and Laurence R. Paquette. Hopefully, it will provide a medium of motivation for them and will kindle their interest in mathematics that can be applied in the fields of business management, economics and accounting. In preparing the problems of each chapter, there has been one goal in mind. It is to illustrate, the application of the particular mathematical concepts presented in the 203 textbook to business management, economics and accounting. The form employed to achieve this goal is to group the 12 chapters in the 203 course into 6 major areas in this paper. At the beginning of each of the 6 areas the corresponding 203 chapters are revealed with a short listing of the math concepts contained in those chapters. The problems will follow arranged in orde

The Galactic Chemical Evolution of phosphorus observed with IGRINS

Phosphorus (P) is considered to be one of the key elements for life, making it an important element to look for in the abundance analysis of spectra of stellar systems. Yet, there exists only a handful of spectroscopic studies to estimate the P abundances and investigate its trend across a range of metallicities. We have observed full HK band spectra at a spectral resolving power of R=45,000 with IGRINS instrument. Abundances are determined using SME in combination with 1D MARCS stellar atmosphere models. The investigated sample of stars have reliable stellar parameters estimated using optical FIES spectra (GILD; J\"onsson et al. in prep.). In order to determine the P abundances from the 16482.92 Angstrom P line, we take special care of the CO($\nu=7-4$) blend. We determine the C, N, O abundances from atomic carbon and a range of non-blended molecular lines (CO, CN, OH) which are aplenty in the H band region of K giant stars, assuring an appropriate modelling of the blending CO($\nu=7-4$) line. We present [P/Fe] vs [Fe/H] trend for 38 K giant stars in the metallicity range of -1.2 dex $<$ [Fe/H] $<$ 0.4 dex. We find that our trend matches well with the compiled literature sample of prominently dwarf stars and limited number of giant stars. Our trend is found to be higher by $\sim$ 0.05 - 0.1 dex compared to the theoretical chemical evolution trend in Cescutti et al. 2012 resulting from core collapse supernova (type II) of massive stars with the P yields from Kobayashi et al. (2006) arbitrarily increased by a factor of 2.75. Thus the enhancement factor might need to be $\sim$ 0.05 - 0.1 dex higher to match our trend. We also find an empirically determined primary behaviour for phosphorus. Furthermore, the phosphorus abundance is found to be elevated by $\sim$ 0.6 - 0.9 dex in two metal poor s-enriched stars compared to the theoretical chemical evolution trend.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysic

The Kadison-Singer Problem in Mathematics and Engineering

We will show that the famous, intractible 1959 Kadison-Singer problem in $C^{*}$-algebras is equivalent to fundamental unsolved problems in a dozen areas of research in pure mathematics, applied mathematics and Engineering. This gives all these areas common ground on which to interact as well as explaining why each of these areas has volumes of literature on their respective problems without a satisfactory resolution. In each of these areas we will reduce the problem to the minimum which needs to be proved to solve their version of Kadison-Singer. In some areas we will prove what we believe will be the strongest results ever available in the case that Kadison-Singer fails. Finally, we will give some directions for constructing a counter-example to Kadison-Singer

Mathematics applied to Economics and Finance : Proceedings of the International Conference on Economics and Mathematical Sciences

Mathematics applied to Economics and Finance : Proceedings of the International Conference on Economics and Mathematical Sciences / Edited by S.KOHNO, K.NISHIZAWA, M.HAYASHI. The International Conference on Economics and Mathematical Sciences organized by Prof.Maruyama, Tohru (Keio University). 24 February 1997. The Conference Hall, MIZUTA Memorial Library Josai University

Mathematics applied to Economics and Finance : Proceedings of the International Conference on Economics and Mathematical Sciences

Mathematics applied to Economics and Finance : Proceedings of the International Conference on Economics and Mathematical Sciences / Edited by S.KOHNO, K.NISHIZAWA, M.HAYASHI. The International Conference on Economics and Mathematical Sciences organized by Prof.Maruyama, Tohru (Keio University). 24 February 1997. The Conference Hall, MIZUTA Memorial Library Josai University

Mathematics applied to Economics and Finance : Proceedings of the International Conference on Economics and Mathematical Sciences

Mathematics applied to Economics and Finance : Proceedings of the International Conference on Economics and Mathematical Sciences / Edited by S.KOHNO, K.NISHIZAWA, M.HAYASHI. The International Conference on Economics and Mathematical Sciences organized by Prof.Maruyama, Tohru (Keio University). 24 February 1997. The Conference Hall, MIZUTA Memorial Library Josai University

IEMAE: mathematics & statistics applied to civil engineering & building

IEMAE (Institut d’Estadística i Matemàtica Aplicada a l’Edificació - Institute of Statistics and Mathematics Applied to the Building Construction) is an academic institution interested in solving Multidisciplinary problems in the civil and building engineering area by using statistics and mathematics disciplinesPostprint (published version