Application of Co-bioprocessing Techniques (Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Fermantation) for Improving the Nutritional Value of Wheat Bran as Food Functional Ingrediens

Last time the food industry pays the great attention to questions, connected with changing existing technologies for raising the efficacy of the raw materials complex processing and increasing the output of high-quality products and food ingredients with a minimal amount of waste. Cereal crops are the most reach source of functional ingredients and main component in the human food ration. The technological process of cereal crops processing at enterprises is closely connected with creating a great number of secondary raw material resources and its further utilization.For confirming the efficacy of using secondary products of grain processing as cheap raw material resources of dietary fiber and physiologically functional ingredients, there is characterized the accessibility of their biotransformation that gives a possibility to get biologically active substances of different chemical nature with a wide spectrum of physiological effects.Secondary products of cereal crops processing (bran) are multi-component substrates, formed of different histological layers of wheat grains after comminution, consisted of (external pericarp, internal pericarp, grain coat, hyaline and aleurone layer of a grain coat).Wheat bran is rich in dietary fiber, nutritive and phytochemical substances, that is why, it is most often used for feeding animals. But for today there are important proofs of using it in the food industry.The development of new innovative technologies, modern achievements in microbiology and biotechnology have an important value for secondary products of grain processing, because they allow to conduct directed technological processes at the qualitatively new level that provides using soft regimes of vegetable raw materials processing, allowing to preserve natural biologically active substances and nutrients.The modeling of the combined complex processing that includes enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation by microorganisms improves technological, sensor and also nutritive and physiologically functional properties of wheat bran at the expanse of: bioavailability increase of phenol compounds, vitamins and minerals, assimilability of proteins and decrease of the content of anti-nutritive compounds.Enzymatic preparations allow to use vegetable raw materials rationally, to intensify technological processes, in such a way increasing the output of biologically active substances and to widen the assortment of created products. The process of wheat bran formation results in increasing the nutritional value, enriching the biopolymeric complex with probiotic microorganisms and prebiotic substances.Based on the structural peculiarities and multicomponent composition of wheat bran, presented and studied in the article, it has been established, that the use of the directed modification allows to get functional ingredients and products with set properties that influence the human health favorably. So, wheat bran must be used not only in agriculture as a cattle fodder, but also in the food industry

Effective connectivity reveals strategy differences in an expert calculator

Mathematical reasoning is a core component of cognition and the study of experts defines the upper limits of human cognitive abilities, which is why we are fascinated by peak performers, such as chess masters and mental calculators. Here, we investigated the neural bases of calendrical skills, i.e. the ability to rapidly identify the weekday of a particular date, in a gifted mental calculator who does not fall in the autistic spectrum, using functional MRI. Graph-based mapping of effective connectivity, but not univariate analysis, revealed distinct anatomical location of “cortical hubs” supporting the processing of well-practiced close dates and less-practiced remote dates: the former engaged predominantly occipital and medial temporal areas, whereas the latter were associated mainly with prefrontal, orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate connectivity. These results point to the effect of extensive practice on the development of expertise and long term working memory, and demonstrate the role of frontal networks in supporting performance on less practiced calculations, which incur additional processing demands. Through the example of calendrical skills, our results demonstrate that the ability to perform complex calculations is initially supported by extensive attentional and strategic resources, which, as expertise develops, are gradually replaced by access to long term working memory for familiar material

PENGEMBANGAN MODUL PRAKTIKUM TEKNIK PENGOLAHAN MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA PENGHANTAR PANAS DI SMKN 2 INDRAMAYU

Tujuanpenelitianiniadalahmengembangkanmodulpraktikumpembelajaranteknologipengolahanmenggunakan media penghantarpanas, dasardaripengembangantersebutkarena di SMKN 2 Indramayutidakterdapatmoduluntukpegangan yang dapatmeningkatkanpemahamansiswa.Hal tersebutterlihatdarihasilbelajarsiswadikelassebelumnyapadakompetensisangatrendah.Makatujuanselanjutnyadalahmengetahuipeningkatanpemahamansiswa, dalam proses pembelajaranmenerapkanteknikpengolahanmenggunakan media penghantarpanas. Metodepadapenelitianinimenggunakanpenelitiandanpengembangan (R&D), dengananalisis data menggunakananalisishasilangketdandistribusifrekuensi.Hasildaripenelitianiniadalahmengetahuilangkahdalammengembangkanmodulpraktikumpembelajaranteknologipengolahanmenggunakan media penghantarpanasyaknimemvalidasidesainpadapakarahli, dilakukanperbaikanproduksesuaidengan saran yang diberikandariahli media berupakompenen yang diperbaikidanpenempatankomponentersebut, dariahlimaterimengenaikelengkapanmateri yang terdapatdalammodul, selanjutnyadilakukanpengujianpadakelaskecildenganresponden 10 orang siswa, selanjutnya yang dilakukanadalahmenerapkan. Pemahamansiswameningkatdimana 26 siswadari 27 orang siswamendapatkannilai yang melebihi KKM yakni 60. Research purposes this is developing module lab work learning technology processing using media of carriage heat, the basis of the development was because in SMKN 2 Indramayu not contained module to grip that can promote understanding students.It seen the result learning students dikelas earlier on competence very low.So the purpose next was increased know understanding students, a learning process in applying technique processing using media of carriage heat.Methods to research is using research and development (R &D), with analysis of data using analysis result poll and distribution frequency.The result of this research is knowing step in developing module lab work learning technology processing using media of carriage heat namely validating design on experts, to the repair products in accordance with advice given of media experts in form of component repaired and the placement of the component, of expert material regarding the completeness of the material that has been found in the module, then conducted testing on small classes with 10 students, the respondents subsequently performed is implementation. Increased student understanding where 26 students from 27 student get value that exceeds the KKM of 60

The Feasibility of Reclaiming Shell Material from Investment Casting

This report examines the feasibility of investment shell component reclamation. Shell material components and their compositions are investigated with an industry survey, a study of the available literature, and analysis of specimen shell materials. physical properties and factors related to the reclamation and reuse of shell materials are described. Well known mineral processing methods are capable of producing concentrates of the various shell components. The theory and techniques of some applicable processes are discussed to assist with the development of reclamation operations. The recommended methods are; comminution by roll crushing, component concentration by screening, gravity settling or heavy medium separation. Aluminosilicate stucco (a major component of many investment shells) can be recovered in a form suitable for reuse as backup stucco. Zircon (a minor component in many shell compositions) -can be concentrated in an impure form, and subsequent caustic liberation treatments can remove the intermixed silica phases. Reuse of such zircon in investment casting may be possible but will require careful qualification testing. Fused and crystalline silica (major components of most shell compositions) are not reusable for investment casting. The feasibility of reclamation will be influenced by individual foundry choices of materials, composition and shell practice.HWRIC Project No. RRT-10NTIS PB92-16219

VELOX – A Demonstration Facilility for Lunar Oxygen Extraction in a Laboratory Environment

The ultimate goal of a permanent human presence on the Moon is discussed intensively within the global lunar community. Obviously, such an effort poses stringent demands not only on the technology but also on logistics, especially considering the important aspects of masses and volume for materials and replenishments of consumables. On-site propellant production (i.e. liquid oxygen) is one of the main needs and would lead to more efficient return-to-Earth or further exploration missions. Additionally, the supply of breathable air and water for the survival of the crew on the lunar surface is also a major aspect. Thus, large effort is put into the development and research of technologies for in-situ resources utilization (ISRU) to drastically reduce the required supply from Earth and to increase the level of autonomy of a lunar outpost. The major resource on the Moon for such a purpose is regolith, which covers the first meters of the lunar surface and contains about 45% of mineralogically bounded Oxygen in terms of mass. By using adequate processing methods of this material, one could be able to extract valuable minerals and volatiles for further utilization. At DLR Bremen a compact and flexible lab experimenting facility has been developed, built and tested, which shall demonstrate the feasibility of the process by extracting oxygen out of lunar regolith, respectively soil simulants and certain minerals in the laboratory case. For this purpose, important boundary conditions have been investigated such as temperatures during the process, chemical reaction characteristics and material properties for the buildup of the facility, which shall be analyzed within this paper. Since it is one of the most elaborated chemical processes regarding ISRU and has comparably low temperature and energy constraints it has been primarily concentrated on the Hydrogen-reduction process which reduces the iron oxide component of Ilmenite (FeTiO3) within the lunar regolith. Based on the obtained results, a first line-out of a planned superior test set-up and infrastructure with pre- and post-processing units such as feeding and extraction is also presented, as well as an analysis of reaction products with common methods. This paper will present the first results of DLR efforts regarding these topics. Finally, important aspects of the future development of the processes and technologies are discussed with special consideration of lunar applicability and with respect to environmental conditions as well as mass and energy constraints

Вибір складу технологічного середовища для ФАБО

The article includes the systematized information on processing mediums used for FANT. The role of processing medium components for producing antifriction coatings with the complex of tribotechnical properties has been shown. On the basis of well-known compositions, conditions for coating formation as well as the functional and technological requirements for FANT processing mediums, the procedure has been proposed for developing and choosing the composition of processing medium for laying the coatings by applying FANT method. Метою даної роботи є розробка алгоритму вибору компонентів складу технологічного середовища для ФАБО. Це дозволить із усього різноманіття вибрати найбільш ефективний склад технологічного середовища, тим самим одержати якісні покриття й підвищити продуктивність ФАБО. Для цього в статті систематизовані відомості про технологічні середовища, що використовуються при ФАБО. Показана роль компонентів технологічних середовищ для одержання антифрикційних покриттів із комплексом триботехнічних властивостей. Проаналізовані основні функціональні й технологічні вимоги до технологічних середовищ, що застосовуються при ФАБО, спрямовані на досягнення комплексу триботехнічних властивостей. На основі аналізу відомих складів, умов формування покриттів, а також функціональних і технологічних вимог, що висувають до технологічних середовищ, запропонований порядок розробки й вибору складу технологічного середовища для нанесення покриттів методом ФАБО

Thermoplastic deformation of silicon surfaces induced by ultrashort pulsed lasers in submelting conditions

A hybrid 2D theoretical model is presented to describe thermoplastic deformation effects on silicon surfaces induced by single and multiple ultrashort pulsed laser irradiation in submelting conditions. An approximation of the Boltzmann transport equation is adopted to describe the laser irradiation process. The evolution of the induced deformation field is described initially by adopting the differential equations of dynamic thermoelasticity while the onset of plastic yielding is described by the von Mise's stress. Details of the resulting picometre sized crater, produced by irradiation with a single pulse, are then discussed as a function of the imposed conditions and thresholds for the onset of plasticity are computed. Irradiation with multiple pulses leads to ripple formation of nanometre size that originates from the interference of the incident and a surface scattered wave. It is suggested that ultrafast laser induced surface modification in semiconductors is feasible in submelting conditions, and it may act as a precursor of the incubation effects observed at multiple pulse irradiation of materials surfaces.Comment: To appear in the Journal of Applied Physic

Low-cost resin infusion mould tooling for carbon fibre composites manufacture

This article describes the research to date carried out under the BAE Systems/Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)-funded programme ‘Flapless Aerial Vehicle Integrated Interdisciplinary Research’ (FLAVIIR), aimed at developing innovative technologies for the low-cost manufacture of next-generation Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. The aim of the researchers in FLAVIIR was to develop low-cost innovative tooling technologies to enable the affordable manufacture of complex composite aerospace structures. The advances in tooling technology were achieved through the application of rapid prototyping, tooling and manufacture technologies to provide rapidly configured and reconfigurable tool concepts, for low-cost resin infusion moulding. This article introduces three tooling innovations: reconfigurable tooling concept, variable cavity tooling, and porous cavity tooling

Direct Laser Fabrication of a Gas Turbine Engine Component - Microstructure and Properties - Part I

This paper presents the development of a new technique for the production of abrasive turbine blade tips by direct laser processing. This superalloy cermet component is an integral part of the low pressure turbine sealing system in a demonstrator engine. Direct laser fabrication of this component fiom a bed a loose powder results in significant cost savings and improved performance over the currently employed production technique. The technology has been demonstrated by fabricating a prototype lot of 100 blade tips, which will be subjected to an engine test. This is the first instance of a direct fabrication method applied to the production of functional engine hardware. This research was funded by the United States Air Force contract F33615-94- C-2424 titled "Affordable Turbine Blade Tips".Mechanical Engineerin

Thermographic non-destructive evaluation for natural fiber-reinforced composite laminates

Natural fibers, including mineral and plant fibers, are increasingly used for polymer composite materials due to their low environmental impact. In this paper, thermographic non-destructive inspection techniques were used to evaluate and characterize basalt, jute/hemp and bagasse fibers composite panels. Different defects were analyzed in terms of impact damage, delaminations and resin abnormalities. Of particular interest, homogeneous particleboards of sugarcane bagasse, a new plant fiber material, were studied. Pulsed phase thermography and principal component thermography were used as the post-processing methods. In addition, ultrasonic C-scan and continuous wave terahertz imaging were also carried out on the mineral fiber laminates for comparative purposes. Finally, an analytical comparison of different methods was give