Relation between fruit density and beta-carotene content in ripe mango

β-carotene content is one of the main factors that determines the nutritional quality and orange color of ripe mango fruit. It is known as the pro vitamin A, and it is generally the predominant carotenoid in ripe mango. Currently, fresh fruit sector demands a reliable nondestructive indicator to better predict the nutritional quality of ripe mango, and especially in terms of β-carotene content. Fruit density has been applied in horticulture sector to predict dry matter or maturation stage of mango. It would interesting to know if it can be a relevant non-destructive indicator of the carotenoid content in fruits Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the relationship between mango density and β-carotene content at the ripe stage. Mangoes (cv. 'Kent'), from Ivory Coast, Peru, and Brazil were selected from a mango importer in France at a green mature stage (day 0). Then, all mangoes were ripened at 18 °C and 80% of relative humidity. Color of ripe mango pulp and β-carotene contents were assessed 11 and 15 days after (day 0) corresponding to a ripe stage of consumption. Fruit density was significantly correlated to the pulp color and β-carotene contents of ripe mangoes, whatever the origin (p-value < 0.05). Mango fruits with a high density were characterized by high value of Chroma, lower value of Hue angle, and high contents in β-carotene. β-carotene content was found in range of [92-307 μg.100g.FM-1] for low density mango, and in range of [365-924 μg.100g.FM-1] for high density mango. So, fruit density, measured at the green-mature stage, could be a reliable indicator to predict the nutritional quality of mango fruit at the ripening stage, which is extremely useful for fresh fruit sector for grading or sorting mango fruit early in the supply chain

Collaboration for diagnosis of Xanthomonas citri pv. mangiferaeindicae causing mango bacterial canker on Mangifera indica in Myanmar : [P2-10]

During 2006-2008, mango disease survey training for pest Iist development was supported under the ASEAN Australia Development Co-operation Program (AADCP) Program Stream: Strengthening ASEAN Plant Health Capacity Project (1). The project involved regional training workshops and practical experience in surveying and disease diagnostics in selected ASEAN countries, in partnership with Australian mango pest and disease specialists. The surveying also provided an opportunity for extending collaboration with CIRAD and for strengthening CIRAD-ASEAN links, when specialist expertise in bacterial disease diagnostics was required. Bacterial canker of mango (or bacterial black spot) caused by #Xanthomonas citri pv. Mangiferaeindicae# (2) is a disease of economic importance in tropical and subtropical producing areas. #X. citri pv. Mangiferaeindicae# can cause severe infection in a wide range of mango cultivars and induces raised, angular, black leaf lesions, sometimes with a chlorotic halo. Suspected leaf lesions of bacterial canker were collected from mango nursery stock cv. Yin Kwe at a nursery in Yangon, Myanmar during March 2007. Sub-samples of representative accessions were dispatched by air-courier to 2CIRAD UMR PVBMT, La Réunion, with additional reference material retained in the plant disease herbarium of'PPD. In tests at CIRAD UMR PVBMT2, nonpigmented Xanthomonas-like bacterial colonies were isolated on KC and NCTM3 semiselective agar media (4,7). Amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis was performed on three isolates from Myanmar and additional reference isolates of xanthomonads originating from Anacardiaceae (#X. citri pv. Anacardii#, #X. citri pv. Mangiferaeindicae#, #X. axonopodis pv. Spondiae#, and #X. translucens# strains from pistachio) (2, 4). On the basis of multidimensional scaling (2), the Myanmar isolates were identified as #X. citri pv. Mangiferaeindicae# and were most closely related to group B strains that were isolated from mango in India and Eastern Asia (5). Mango cv. Maison Rouge leaves, inoculated as previously reported (3) with the Myanmar isolates, showed typical symptoms of bacterial canker 1 week after inoculation. One month after inoculation, mean #X. citri pv. Mangiferaeindicae# population sizes ranging from 5 x 106 to 8 x 106 CFU per lesion were recovered from leaf lesions, typical of a compatible interaction (3). #Mangifera indica# L. probably evolved in the area that includes northwestern Myanmar (6) and to our knowledge, this is the first confirmed detection of #X. citri pv. Mangiferaeindicae# from Myanmar. Further surveys and strain collection will be necessary to evaluate its geographic distribution and prevalence in the country (4). The diagnosis and confirmation of bacterial spot on mango from Myanmar (4) has assisted in the development of Myanmar's mango pest list, and enabled Myanmar partners to gain experience in international collaboration in plant disease specimen dispatch and diagnostics. (Résumé d'auteur

Nutritional value of Pleurotus (Flabellatus) Djamor (R-22) cultivated on sawdusts of different woods

The sawdust of different woods were investigat ed for the cultivation of exotic strain of Pleurotus (flabellatus) djamor (R-22) to find out the efficiency of different nutrients including protein, fat, crude fiber, ash, dry matter and moisture. Among all type of nutrients, protein, fat, cr ude fiber, ash, dry matter and moisture of Pleurotus ostreatus on sawdust of different woods were observed. Protein was observed on cont rol treatment (cotton waste, kikar, mango, mixed sawdust, simbal and kail (21.89), (21.64), (21.34), (21.16), (21.03) and (20.75) % respectively. Fat was observed on control treatment (cotton waste, kikar, mango, mi xed sawdust, simbal and kail (0.80), (0.53), (0 .41), (0.33), (0.24) and (0.11)% respectively. Crude fiber was observed on control treatment (cotton waste, kikar, mango, mixed sawdust, simbal and kail (8.92), (8.45), (8.17), (7.96), (7.70) and (7.32) % respectively. Ash was observ ed on control treatment (cotton waste, kikar, mango, mixed sawdust, simbal and kail (7.65), (6.75), (6 .47), (6.39), (6.33) and (6.23%) respectively. Dry matter was observed on control treatment (cotton waste, kikar, mango, mixed sawdust, simbal and kail (6.47), (6.27), (6.13), (6.01), (5.87) and (5.67) % respectively. Moisture was observed on control treatment (c otton waste, kikar, mango, mixed sawdust, simbal and kail (84.55), (81.20), (79.85), (76.26), (74.35) and (71.14) % respectively. Oyster mushroom showed relatively more contents on control treatment cotton waste as compared to other substrates. The maximum protein, fat, crude fiber, ash, dry matter and moisture contents in Pleurotus (flabellatus) djamor (R-22) was obtained on Kikar sawdust .The lowest contents was obtained on kail sawdust

Ecological plasticity and genetic diversity of the mango blossom gall midge, Procontarinia Mangiferae (Felt), in Reunion Island : O306F12 Ecology

Phytophagous insects that belong to the Cecidomyiidae family are among the most closely associated with their host plants. Phytophagous insects can specialize not only on a unique host plant but on particular parts of plants as well. Mango blossom gall midge, Procontarinia mangiferae, is a mango pest that causes damage to both inflorescences and leaves. The objectives of our study were to highlight the genetic diversity and ecological abilities of a monophagous gall midge and to evaluate the determinants of its genetic structure in subtropical Reunion Island. This study, carried out on an isolated island, is based on morphological and molecular data (mitochondrial DNA and microsatellites). Using mitochondrial COI gene sequences, polymorphism at 11 microsatellite loci and an extensive sampling of 27 populations at 17 sites, we tested the genetic differentiation between populations sampled on different mango organs, different mango cultivars and at different seasons. Our results showed that a single species, P. mangiferae, was present all year round at all of the sites sampled, regardless of climatic and cultural conditions, and that it fed on both inflorescences and young leaves. Moreover, our study highlighted the ecological plasticity of this species. However, unlike previous studies on other Cecidomyiidae species, the population genetic structure did not appear to be determined by the species' ability to feed on different organs of the same host plant, but rather by the geographical distribution of populations. (Résumé d'auteur

Learning Networks Matter: Challenges to Developing Learning-Based Competence in Mango Production and Post-Harvest in Andhra Pradesh, India

This discussion paper explores aspects of innovation systems ideas in the analysis of mango production and export by smallscale farmers in the South Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The paper shows how despite favourable agro-ecological conditions and being the largest international mango producer, India still struggles to build momentum in rapidly emerging export markets. An analysis of the sector's recent history combined with an empirical account of inter-sectoral and intra-sectoral linkage patterns among stakeholder groups appears to provide the basis for remedial policy suggestions. Most of these relate to aspects of integrated technology development and innovation management.innovation, innovation systems, mango, high-value, national competence, learning networks, South Asia, India

National Fantasies, Exclusion, and the Many Houses on Mango Street

This article argues that understanding what the house in Sandra Cisneros\u27s The House on Mango Street symbolizes is foundational to contextualizing the radical possibilities that Cisneros enacts in her work. Unlike most critics who read the house as referencing the title of the text, I argue that the novel is full of houses, notably the house located on Mango Street that narrator Esperanza Cordero longs to escape from, and the house away from Mango Street that she longs to one day have. By reading these two houses through Homi Bhabha\u27s notion of the unhomely and Gaston Bachelard\u27s notion of felicitous space , we can better understand a critique of the house in light of its resonance with the American Dream on the one hand, and a reconfiguration of that symbolism through a feminist intervention on the other. Keywords: Cisneros, Houses, American Dream, Women, Bachelard, Bhabh

Host range and population structure of Xanthomonas citri pv. mangiferaeindicae : [P4-55]

#Xanthomonas citri# pv. #mangiferaeindicae# (Xcm) is a bacterium attacking two plant species of the anacardiaceae family : mango (#Mangifera indica#) and pepper tree (#Schinus terebinthifolius#), which is a pest frequently found bordering mango orchards. Cross-inoculation indicated that there is a host specialization: strains isolated on mango are weakly pathogenic when artificially inoculated on pepper tree and strains from pepper tree are weakly pathogenic on mango. A strong host specialization can lead to a sympatric speciation, therefore we wondered what are the consequences of the observed specialization onto natural populations of the pathogen. What are the evolutionary and epidemiological relationships between these populations? What tools may help to describe evolution at a very small geographic and probably time scale? Can this example help to understand host shifting in xanthomonads? To address such questions we analysed the genetic diversity of populations of Xcm isolated on mango and pepper tree in three places. A MultiLocus Vntr Analysis (MLVA) approach was used because of its high discriminating power and because it allows to make precise evolutionary hypotheses. Twelve minisatellite sequences were identified based on the complete genomic sequence of #X. citri# pv. #citri#. The average genetic diversity is higher for populations isolated in mango orchards than on pepper tree. Genetic differentiation indices and clonal complexes indicate that differentiation is stronger between populations isolated on different hosts than between population isolated on the same host in different places. Genetic distances between strains are low, confirming the evolutionary relatedness of the two types of strains and their classification as a single pathovar. Populations are structured as a genetic continuum, with some strains isolated from mango more closely related to some strains isolated on pepper tree than from some of the mango strains. Host specialization of Xcm is probably a recent event which did not (yet) result in speciation. (Résumé d'auteur

Time's Arrow, Friday, December 8, 2000

This is the concert program of the Time's Arrow performance on Friday, December 8, 2000 at 8:00 p.m., at the Tsai Performance Center, 685 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts. Works performed were Duo for Oboe and Percussion by Luis Obregon, Dog Day Ragy by Marjorie Merryman, Mango Tango by Richard Cornell, from Six Waltzes in the French Manner by John Goodman, Dark Mango Tango by Richard Cornell, South End Rag by Martin Amlin, in C by Terry Riley, and Laps by Theo Lovendie. Digitization for Boston University Concert Programs was supported by the Boston University Humanities Library Endowed Fund

Assessment of the role of age and light availability in leaf mortality in mango tree.[OS 6-1]

The branch autonomy principle states that the branch carbohydrate economy can be largely independent of the other branches of a tree. This may influence fruit growth and affect global crop yield. While this concept has already been tested on different fruit tree species, branch autonomy has not been characterized with respect to fruit growth in the mango tree. The mango tree, a major fruit production in tropical and subtropical regions, exhibits phenological asynchronisms indicating decorrelated development of branches within a tree and thus a possible autonomy among them. To assess this autonomy, we used a quantitative model of the vegetative and reproductive development of mango tree architecture and fruit quality. This functional-structural plant model combines complementary architectural, phenological and ecophysiological knowledges and relies on two sub-models parameterized for the cultivar Cogshall in Réunion Island. The first sub-model simulates stochastically the development of mango tree architecture, growth units and inflorescences, based on empirical rules. A recent improvement was to take into account leaf mortality to achieve more realistic foliage distribution. Fruit growth and quality development are simulated by a second sub-model that simulates carbon- and water-related processes occurring at the fruiting branch scale during the fruit-growing season. This model assumes the independence of the fruiting branches in terms of carbohydrates synthesis and allocation. We conducted a sensitivity analysis on the size of the fruiting branches and compared the simulated and measured fruit fresh masses at maturity in order to assess the level of autonomy of the branches regarding carbohydrates supply for fruit production. Our results show that the leaf to fruit ratio and the simulated fruit fresh mass increase proportionally with the size of the branches. The comparison with measured fruit masses indicates that a branch size of 2 to 3 GUs are sufficient with respect to fruit growth

Do Impact Investments Contribute to Portfolio Performance? A Preliminary Investigation

Social Impact Investments (SII) intentionally aims at generating social impact and financial return. Portfolio diversification is one of the under-investigated areas in SII literature. The aim of this paper is to fill this gap by conducting a preliminary investigation of social impact firms (SIF) contribution to portfolio risk and performance. For the purpose of this paper, we use a sample of SIF members of the London Social Stock Exchange who are publically listed and two contrast samples of traditional firms (non-SIF). To carry out the analysis, we employed methodology based on Markowitz (1952a, 1952b) and Sharpe (1963). The paper may provide useful insights for asset managers and investors involved in portfolio choice evaluation and policy makers interested in fostering development of the social impact market