Machismo Syndrome: A Residential Correlate of Its Expression in a Mexican Peasant Community

The Michaelson Goldschmidt hypothesis states that in peasant societies wherein male dominance is an ideal, matrilocal residence tends to encourage the expression of the machismo syndrome of behaviors. Recent ethnographic research in a Mexican peasant community supports the hypothesis by the finding that interpersonal violence (one measure of machismo) during a fiesta was perpetrated in every extreme instance by men who were residing matrilocally. The hypothesis thus effectively predicts, in this case, matrilocality as the variable most closely associated with the violent dimension of machismo

Macho men or pragmatists?

Paper presented at Understanding the Past and Facing the Future: Labour and Working Class History in Scotland Scottish Labour History Conference. The paper was based on a journal article and enagaged with the theory of masculinity and culture of machismo within male dominated industries. Using oral history narratives the paper argued that workers had limited control at the point of production and rather then take risks within a culture of machismo were more likely to be pragmatic when forced to work in dangerous and risky working conditions

"But the law won't help us":challenges of mobilizing Law 348 to address violence against women in Bolivia

Drawing on findings of an original 12-month ethnographic study, this article presents the challenges that Bolivian women face in accessing a new law that has been designed to protect them, Law 348 to "Guarantee Women a Life Free from Violence." Data reveal that while the law creates opportunities for the (re)conceptualization of violence, mobilizing the law is fraught with difficulties and a culture of impunity prevails. The challenges of implementation are both nationally and internationally significant as other countries seek to enact similar legal strategies. In Bolivia, this article suggests, civil society organizations and women's voices are central to the full realization of the law.</p

Reggaeton and Female Narratives

Reggaeton has become a cultural factor all throughout Latin America and among the Latino population in the United States. Reggaeton is now a Latino music phenomenon that has become part of the mainstream not only in Latin American countries but also in the United States; many American artists such as Drake, Cardi B, Nicki Minaj, and Will Smith are collaborating with reggaeton artists such as J-Balvin, Bad Bunny, Ozuna, and others. Therefore, although most reggaeton artists come from Puerto Rico, reggaeton has established a visible presence in the Latino community in the United States where it has become prominent in the pop culture mainstream and as a result, reggaeton is attributed to Latino culture. The attractiveness of reggaeton lies with its hybrid identity, meaning that the origins of reggaeton reflect the interaction of people all through the Caribbean (LeBron 220). Incorporating neo-African, Caribbean and Latino influences, reggaeton is characterized by vocals that are similar to rap and dancehall, along with a steady rhythm called dembow (Rivera 222-223)

Warriors, Machismo, and Jockstraps: Sexually Exploitative Athletic Hazing and Title IX in the Public School Locker Room

Sexually exploitative athletic hazing on boys’ athletic teams is an increasingly frequent feature in the news. The physical and psychological abuse of younger team members by those who are more senior is not just humiliating but dangerous. Indeed, some athletes are charged with crimes that are committed during hazing activities. More to the point, the features of sexually exploitative hazing have all the earmarks of sexual harassment when team leaders use sexual assaults to keep younger members in their place by feminizing them or otherwise challenging their ability to conform to a hegemonic masculine sports stereotype. Athletic hazing’s part in maintaining that hegemonic masculinity is often an outgrowth of a “tradition” and is therefore “rationally” perceived as a rite of passage to this admired masculinity. However, athletic hazing is not rational. It is not an initiation rite because junior members are already members of the team. Instead, athletic hazing is explicitly about team self-governance, and sexually exploitative hazing is a potent tool to create a team hierarchy through fear and intimidation. Given the indicia of sexual harassment in such hazing, Title IX litigation has proved an important remedy for individual boys who are brave enough to challenge the sports culture when they can no longer endure the physical and emotional abuse. But litigation is reactive, not pro-active, and Title IX’s better use may be in shaping systemic remedies in the locker room through either injunctive relief or investigation by the Office of Civil Rights. Schools have to take institutional responsibility for creating the culture that allows hazing to thrive in an inherently educational function. Thus, the cure for hazing is to make the adults in the building accountable for their devotion to an unattainable hegemonic sports masculinity and for their abdication of team governance to teenagers

Searching for Sexual Identity in a Homophobic Society : Hunger of Memory and Pocho

To begin speaking of sexual identity, whether heterosexual or homosexual,\ud assumes speaker and listener alike share the same definitions. This,\ud however, is not always the case, and because of this, we must formulate a\ud definition that differentiates the gay Latino from the gay in the dominant\ud society, create a working literary framework that standardizes the reading\ud of the gay characters in Chicano literature, and use Richard Rodriguez???s\ud Hunger of Memory and Antonio Villarreal???s Pocho to test the framework\ud and show how each protagonist must fit into two homophobic cultures.This is a proceeding from the 28th Annual Conference of the National Association for Chicana and Chicano\ud Studies Annual Conference, Apr 1st, 200

Family Dynamics in Ecuador

While still in the midst of their study abroad experiences, students at Linfield College write reflective essays. Their essays address issues of cultural similarity and difference, compare lifestyles, mores, norms, and habits between their host countries and home, and examine changes in perceptions about their host countries and the United States. In this essay, Peyton Smith describes her observations during her study abroad program at the Universidad San Francisco de Quito in Ecuador

Efficacy of HIV/STI behavioral interventions for heterosexual African American men in the United States: a meta-analysis

This meta-analysis estimates the overall efficacy of HIV prevention interventions to reduce HIV sexual risk behaviors and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among heterosexual African American men. A comprehensive search of the literature published during 1988–2008 yielded 44 relevant studies. Interventions significantly reduced HIV sexual risk behaviors and STIs. The stratified analysis for HIV sexual risk behaviors indicated that interventions were efficacious for studies specifically targeting African American men and men with incarceration history. In addition, interventions that had provision/referral of medical services, male facilitators, shorter follow-up periods, or emphasized the importance of protecting family and significant others were associated with reductions in HIV sexual risk behaviors. Meta-regression analyses indicated that the most robust intervention component is the provision/referral of medical services. Findings indicate that HIV interventions for heterosexual African American men might be more efficacious if they incorporated a range of health care services rather than HIV/STI-related services alone