Hyperoxia Causes Mitochondrial Fragmentation in Pulmonary Endothelial Cells by Increasing Expression of Pro-Fission Proteins

Objective—We explored mechanisms that alter mitochondrial structure and function in pulmonary endothelial cells (PEC) function after hyperoxia. Approach and Results—Mitochondrial structures of PECs exposed to hyperoxia or normoxia were visualized and mitochondrial fragmentation quantified. Expression of pro-fission or fusion proteins or autophagy-related proteins were assessed by Western blot. Mitochondrial oxidative state was determined using mito-roGFP. Tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester estimated mitochondrial polarization in treatment groups. The role of mitochondrially derived reactive oxygen species in mt-fragmentation was investigated with mito-TEMPOL and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage studied by using ENDO III (mt-tat-endonuclease III), a protein that repairs mDNA damage. Drp-1 (dynamin-related protein 1) was overexpressed or silenced to test the role of this protein in cell survival or transwell resistance. Hyperoxia increased fragmentation of PEC mitochondria in a time-dependent manner through 48 hours of exposure. Hyperoxic PECs exhibited increased phosphorylation of Drp-1 (serine 616), decreases in Mfn1 (mitofusion protein 1), but increases in OPA-1 (optic atrophy 1). Pro-autophagy proteins p62 (LC3 adapter–binding protein SQSTM1/p62), PINK-1 (PTEN-induced putative kinase 1), and LC3B (microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3) were increased. Returning cells to normoxia for 24 hours reversed the increased mt-fragmentation and changes in expression of pro-fission proteins. Hyperoxia-induced changes in mitochondrial structure or cell survival were mitigated by antioxidants mito-TEMPOL, Drp-1 silencing, or inhibition or protection by the mitochondrial endonuclease ENDO III. Hyperoxia induced oxidation and mitochondrial depolarization and impaired transwell resistance. Decrease in resistance was mitigated by mito-TEMPOL or ENDO III and reproduced by overexpression of Drp-1. Conclusions—Because hyperoxia evoked mt-fragmentation, cell survival and transwell resistance are prevented by ENDO III and mito-TEMPOL and Drp-1 silencing, and these data link hyperoxia-induced mt-DNA damage, Drp-1 expression, mt-fragmentation, and PEC dysfunction

The Sunyaev-Zeldovich MITO Project

Compton scattering of the cosmic microwave background radiation by electrons in the hot gas in clusters of galaxies - the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect - has long been recognized as a uniquely important feature, rich in cosmological and astrophysical information. We briefly describe the effect, and emphasize the need for detailed S-Z and X-ray measurements of nearby clusters in order to use the effect as a precise cosmological probe. This is the goal of the MITO project, whose first stage consisted of observations of the S-Z effect in the Coma cluster. We report the results of these observations.Comment: To appear in Proceedings of `Understanding our Universe at the close of XXth century', School held Apr 25 - May 6 2000, Cargese, 16 pages LaTeX, 2 figures ps (using elsart.sty & elsart.cls), text minor revisio

初級後半における物語創作活動

Oral PresentationConference Theme: Japanese Language Proficiency in Asia: Learners’ Sociolinguistic Competence and Diversity in Practice初級の後半になると、語彙や文法知識もかなり蓄積され、日本語で様々なことを理解・ 表現する能力が備わってくるが、学習者によっては頭の中にある知識が発話や作文といっ たアウトプットに結びついていないように見受けられるケースもある。それには表現意欲 や不安といった情動的な要因も影響していると考えられる(Rod, 2012)。筆者は表現の自由 度を増すことによって意欲を引き出せないかと考え、短いストーリーを創作する活動を取 り入れてみた。その実践活動について報告する .....published_or_final_versio

Highly efficient optogenetic cell ablation in C. elegans using membrane-targeted miniSOG.

The genetically encoded photosensitizer miniSOG (mini Singlet Oxygen Generator) can be used to kill cells in C. elegans. miniSOG generates the reactive oxygen species (ROS) singlet oxygen after illumination with blue light. Illumination of neurons expressing miniSOG targeted to the outer mitochondrial membrane (mito-miniSOG) causes neuronal death. To enhance miniSOG's efficiency as an ablation tool in multiple cell types we tested alternative targeting signals. We find that membrane targeted miniSOG allows highly efficient cell killing. When combined with a point mutation that increases miniSOG's ROS generation, membrane targeted miniSOG can ablate neurons in less than one tenth the time of mito-miniSOG. We extend the miniSOG ablation technique to non-neuronal tissues, revealing an essential role for the epidermis in locomotion. These improvements expand the utility and throughput of optogenetic cell ablation in C. elegans

Miguel, Ana de (2015). Neoliberalismo sexual. El mito de la libre elección

Miguel, Ana de (2015)Neoliberalismo sexual. El mito de la libre elecciónMadrid: Cátedra, 352 p.ISBN 978-84-376-3477-7Miguel, Ana de (2015)Neoliberalismo sexual. El mito de la libre elecciónMadrid: Cátedra, 352 p.ISBN 978-84-376-3477-7Miguel, Ana de (2015)Neoliberalismo sexual. El mito de la libre elecciónMadrid: Cátedra, 352 p.ISBN 978-84-376-3477-

Mito y clasificación social

Al igual que las sociedades de las que forman parte, los mitos también están estratificados. La mitocrítica debe tener en cuenta la clasificación social del contexto socio-histórico donde nace cada mito. A través de un análisis del mito de Don Juan, podemos evidenciar la diferencia social existente entre el emisor del mito y su receptor, entre el personaje mítico y el resto de los personajes

A mitochondrial-focused genetic interaction map reveals a scaffold-like complex required for inner membrane organization in mitochondria.

To broadly explore mitochondrial structure and function as well as the communication of mitochondria with other cellular pathways, we constructed a quantitative, high-density genetic interaction map (the MITO-MAP) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The MITO-MAP provides a comprehensive view of mitochondrial function including insights into the activity of uncharacterized mitochondrial proteins and the functional connection between mitochondria and the ER. The MITO-MAP also reveals a large inner membrane-associated complex, which we term MitOS for mitochondrial organizing structure, comprised of Fcj1/Mitofilin, a conserved inner membrane protein, and five additional components. MitOS physically and functionally interacts with both outer and inner membrane components and localizes to extended structures that wrap around the inner membrane. We show that MitOS acts in concert with ATP synthase dimers to organize the inner membrane and promote normal mitochondrial morphology. We propose that MitOS acts as a conserved mitochondrial skeletal structure that differentiates regions of the inner membrane to establish the normal internal architecture of mitochondria

El mito de San Petersburgo en el cine soviético a través de las adaptaciones de ‘El capote’ de Gógol

Desde su fundación en 1703, San Petersburgo-Petrogrado-Leningrado ha sido un mito recurrente en la cultura rusa. La ciudad ha simbolizado la occidentalización de Rusia. Los estudios de este fenómeno se han centrado sobre todo en investigar cómo se creó mito en la literatura, pero no en el cine. Este artículo examina la representación de la ciudad en dos películas soviéticas: El Capote: una película al estilo de Gógol/ Kino-p’esa v manere Gogolia, (Kozintsev and Trauberg, 1926) y El Capote/Shinel’ (Batalov, 1956) como nuevas versiones del mito de la ciudad. A través de la obra de Gógol, las adaptaciones soviéticas muestran la forma en la que la herencia cultura del pasado fue relevante y cómo un mito puede dar sentido a una sociedad que necesita definir su identidad