Hamiltonian structure of peakons as weak solutions for the modified Camassa-Holm equation

The modified Camassa-Holm (mCH) equation is a bi-Hamiltonian system possessing $N$-peakon weak solutions, for all $N\geq 1$, in the setting of an integral formulation which is used in analysis for studying local well-posedness, global existence, and wave breaking for non-peakon solutions. Unlike the original Camassa-Holm equation, the two Hamiltonians of the mCH equation do not reduce to conserved integrals (constants of motion) for $2$-peakon weak solutions. This perplexing situation is addressed here by finding an explicit conserved integral for $N$-peakon weak solutions for all $N\geq 2$. When $N$ is even, the conserved integral is shown to provide a Hamiltonian structure with the use of a natural Poisson bracket that arises from reduction of one of the Hamiltonian structures of the mCH equation. But when $N$ is odd, the Hamiltonian equations of motion arising from the conserved integral using this Poisson bracket are found to differ from the dynamical equations for the mCH $N$-peakon weak solutions. Moreover, the lack of conservation of the two Hamiltonians of the mCH equation when they are reduced to $2$-peakon weak solutions is shown to extend to $N$-peakon weak solutions for all $N\geq 2$. The connection between this loss of integrability structure and related work by Chang and Szmigielski on the Lax pair for the mCH equation is discussed.Comment: Minor errata in Eqns. (32) to (34) and Lemma 1 have been fixe

Improvement of workload estimation techniques in piloting tasks

The Modified Cooper-Harper (MCH) scale has been shown to be a sensitive indicator of workload in several different types of aircrew tasks. The MCH scale, which is a 10 point scale, and five newly devised scales were examined in two different aircraft simulator experiments in which pilot loading was treated as an independent variable. The five scales included a 15 point scale, computerized versions of the MCH and 15 point scales, a scale in which the decision tree was removed, and one in which a 15 point left-to-right format was used. The results indicate that while one of the new scales may be more sensitive in a given experiment, task dependency is a problem. The MCH scale on the other hand exhibits consistent sensitivity and remains the scale recommended for general use. The MCH scale results are consistent with earlier experiments also. The results of the rating scale experiments are presented and the questionnaire results which were directed at obtaining a better understanding of the reasons for the relative sensitivity of the MCH scale and its variations are described

Deflagrations in hybrid CONe white dwarfs: a route to explain the faint Type Iax supernova 2008ha

Stellar evolution models predict the existence of hybrid white dwarfs (WDs) with a carbon-oxygen core surrounded by an oxygen-neon mantle. Being born with masses ~1.1 Msun, hybrid WDs in a binary system may easily approach the Chandrasekhar mass (MCh) by accretion and give rise to a thermonuclear explosion. Here, we investigate an off-centre deflagration in a near-MCh hybrid WD under the assumption that nuclear burning only occurs in carbon-rich material. Performing hydrodynamics simulations of the explosion and detailed nucleosynthesis post-processing calculations, we find that only 0.014 Msun of material is ejected while the remainder of the mass stays bound. The ejecta consist predominantly of iron-group elements, O, C, Si and S. We also calculate synthetic observables for our model and find reasonable agreement with the faint Type Iax SN 2008ha. This shows for the first time that deflagrations in near-MCh WDs can in principle explain the observed diversity of Type Iax supernovae. Leaving behind a near-MCh bound remnant opens the possibility for recurrent explosions or a subsequent accretion-induced collapse in faint Type Iax SNe, if further accretion episodes occur. From binary population synthesis calculations, we find the rate of hybrid WDs approaching MCh to be on the order of 1 percent of the Galactic SN Ia rate.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in MNRA

Analisis Determinan Pemanfaatan Buku KIA oleh Bidan Desa dan Ibu Hamil di Kabupaten Demak

Universitas Diponegoro Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Program Studi Magister Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat Konsentrasi Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak 2015 ABSTRAK Asih Ariani Analisis Determinan Pemanfaatan Buku KIA oleh Bidan Desa dan Ibu Hamil di Kabupaten Demak xvi + 126 halaman + 7 tabel + 4 gambar + 5 lampiran Buku KIA sebagai sumber informasi status kehamilan harus dibaca dan dibawa ibu saat periksa kehamilan. Buku KIA bagi bidan adalah catatan pemantauan ibu hamil dan bayi/balita sehingga harus diisi lengkap. Buku KIA tidak dibaca dan dianggap sebagai buku periksa. Bidan tidak menjelaskan Buku KIA karena kesibukan pekerjaan. Bidan hanya meminta ibu membawa Buku KIA ketika berkunjung. Buku KIA tidak diisi optimal sehingga kondisi kehamilan sulit dipantau. Tujuan penelitian menjelaskan determinan pemanfaatan Buku KIA dari bidan desa dan ibu hamil di Kabupaten Demak. Merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan metode kualitatif. Subyek penelitian 10 ibu hamil dan 10 bidan desa. Informan triangulasi Bidan Koordinator dan Kasi Kesga Dinkes. Faktor determinan meliputi pengetahuan, sikap, kepercayaan, ketersediaan Buku KIA, fasilitas penunjang dan komunikasi. Data dikumpulkan dengan wawancara mendalam dan dianalisis dengan analisis isi. Pengetahuan bidan desa tentang Buku KIA sudah baik namun belum diaplikasikan bagi peningkatan pengetahuan ibu hamil, selain untuk pencatatan dan deteksi dini faktor resiko. Ibu hamil tahu Buku KIA karena sudah mengenal dan mengetahui pentingnya Buku KIA. Bidan desa dan ibu hamil percaya bahwa Buku KIA dapat dipakai sebagai panduan informasi riwayat dan deteksi kehamilan. Jumlah Buku KIA belum memenuhi sasaran dan harus pengadaan mandiri. Komunikasi terjalin melalui interaksi langsung menggunakan Buku KIA sebagai media. Minat ibu hamil untuk rutin memeriksakan kehamilan meningkat, termasuk keikutsertaan dalam “Kelas Ibu Hamil”. Meski Buku KIA sudah dimanfaatkan untuk periksa kehamilan, namun ibu hamil belum rutin mempelajarinya sesuai isi Buku KIA. Dinas Kesehatan perlu koordinasi dengan puskesmas dan bidan desa terkait jumlah sasaran supaya Buku KIA tepat pengadaannya. Monitoring dan supervisi dilakukan secara rutin berkala. Bidan Koordinator juga perlu melakukan supervisi fasilitatif dan pendampingan teknis bagi bidan desa. Kata kunci : Pemanfaatan Buku KIA, Bidan Desa, Kehamilan Kepustakaan : 38 (1974-2013) Diponegoro University Faculty of Public Health Master’s Program in Public Health Majoring in Maternal and Child Health 2015 ABSTRACT Asih Ariani Determinant Analysis of Utilising Maternal and Child Health Book by Village Midwives and Pregnant Women in Demak District xvi + 126 pages + 7 tables + 4 figures + 5 enclosures A Maternal and Child Health (MCH) book is a source of information about status of pregnancy that must be read and brought by pregnant women when visiting antenatal care services. The MCH book is utilised by midwives to monitor pregnant woman and baby/children under five years old. The MCH book was not read and was assumed as a check book. Midwives did not explain the MCH book due to busy at work. Midwives just asked mothers to bring the book when they visited them. The MCH book was not entirely filled by which pregnant condition was hard to be monitored. The aim of this study was to explain determinants of using the MCH book by village midwives and pregnant women in Demak District. This was descriptive research using a qualitative method. Research subjects consisted of 10 pregnant women and 10 village midwives. Informants for triangulation purpose involved Coordinator Midwives and Head of Family Health Section at District Health Office (DHO). Determinant factors consisted of knowledge, attitude, belief, availability of MCH books, supporting facilities, and communication. Data were collected by conducting indepth interview and analysed using content analysis. Generally, midwives’ knowledge of the MCH book was good. Notwithstanding, their knowledge had not been implemented to improve pregnant women’ knowledge. The MCH book was only utilised to record and to do early detection of risk factors. Pregnant women recognised the MCH book. They understood the importance of the MCH book. Village midwives and pregnant women believed that the MCH book could be utilised as an information guidance of history and detection of pregnancy. Number of the MCH books were not sufficient. In addition, the MCH books were provided independently. Communication was done through direct interaction using the MCH book as media. Pregnant women’ interest to routinely check their pregnancies and to participate in a pregnant women class increased. Pregnant women had not optimally learned the contents of the MCH book. DHO needs to do coordination with health centres, and midwives to precisely determine number of targets and the MCH books. Monitoring and supervising need to done regularly. Coordinator midwives need to do facilitative supervision and technical guidance for village midwives. Key Words: utilisation of MCH book; village midwife; pregnancy Bibliography: 38 (1974-2013

Interrupting the Response of \u3ci\u3eDendroctonus Simplex\u3c/i\u3e Leconte (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) to Compounds That Elicit Aggregation of Adults

The eastern larch beetle, Dendroctonus simplex LeConte (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), is a native bark beetle that has caused significant mortality to tamarack, Larix laricinia, in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. The effectiveness of potentially attractive chemicals for D. simplex was tested and the most attractive compound, seudenol, was used in subsequent studies to test interruptants against D. simplex. Verbenone, methylcyclohexenone (MCH), and 4-allylanisole were tested as potential interruptants in combination with seudenol. Catches of D. simplex in traps baited with seudenol and MCH were not significantly different from catches in unbaited control traps, indicating successful interruption of the response to seudenol by MCH. Verbenone released at commercially available doses significantly increased catches of D. simplex in traps baited with seudenol, however it did not catch significantly more D. simplex than the unbaited control traps when released alone. Traps baited with 4-allylanisole did not significantly reduce the number of D. simplex captured compared to traps baited solely with seudenol. The potential for MCH to be used to protect individual trees and in stand level management of D. simplex is discussed