Integrins alpha v beta 3 and alpha v beta 5 contribute to cell attachment to vitronectin but differentially distribute on the cell surface.

We investigated the role of the integrins alpha v beta 3 and alpha v beta 5 in mediating vitronectin adhesion of three phenotypically distinct cell types. M21 human melanoma cells and H2981 lung carcinoma cells use both alpha v-containing integrins in adhering to vitronectin while UCLA-P3 lung carcinoma cells adhere exclusively with alpha v beta 5. Specifically, monoclonal antibodies directed to functional epitopes on both receptors were required to block adhesion of M21 or H2981 cells while adhesion of UCLA-P3 cells to vitronectin could be blocked with a monoclonal antibody to alpha v beta 5. Although both receptors are involved in M21 and H2981 cell adhesion to vitronectin, only alpha v beta 3 can be detected in focal contacts, colocalizing with vinculin, talin, and the ends of actin filaments, while alpha v beta 5 shows a distinct, nonfocal contact, distribution on the cell surface. These results provide the first evidence that two homologous integrins that recognize the same ligand distribute differentially on the cell surface

FUNDAMENTAL FORCES AFFECTING THE U.S. FRESH BERRY AND LETTUCE/LEAFY GREEN SUBSECTORS

Berries, Competitiveness, Fresh Produce, Leafy Greens, Lettuce, Market Forces, Porter's Five Forces, Shipper, Structural Change, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, Q13, L10, L22, M21,

Oral intake of Lactobacillus rhamnosus M21 enhances the survival rate of mice lethally infected with influenza virus

BackgroundInfluenza viruses cause acute respiratory disease. Because of the high genetic variability of viruses, effective vaccines and antiviral agents are limited. Considering the fact that the site of influenza virus entry is the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract, probiotics that can enhance mucosal immunity as well as systemic immunity could be an important source of treatment against influenza infection.MethodsMice were fed with Lactobacillus rhamnosus M21 or skim milk and were challenged with influenza virus. The resulting survival rate, lung inflammation, and changes in the cytokine and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) levels were examined.ResultsBecause of infection (influenza virus), all the mice in the control group and 60% of the mice in the L. rhamnosus M21 group died; however, the remaining 40% of the mice fed with L. rhamnosus M21 survived the infection. Pneumonia was severe in the control group but moderate in the group treated with L. rhamnosus M21. Although there were no significant changes in the proinflammatory cytokines in the lung lysates of mice collected from both groups, levels of interferon-γ and interleukin-2, which are representative cytokines of type I helper T cells, were significantly increased in the L. rhamnosus M21-treated group. An increase in sIgA as well as the diminution of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was also observed in the L. rhamnosus M21-treated group.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that orally administered L. rhamnosus M21 activates humoral as well as cellular immune responses, conferring increased resistance to the host against influenza virus infection

Pengelolaan Polen Untuk Produksi Benih Melon Hibrida Sunrise Meta Dan Orange Meta

Pengelolaan polen merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam sistem produksi benih hibrida. Penelitian bertujuan mempelajari pengelolaan polen untuk produksi benih hibrida melon Sunrise Meta dan Orange Meta. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Tajur II, Bogor dan Laboratorium Biologi dan Biofisik Benih, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, IPB. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Bulan Mei 2012 hingga Februari 2013. Penelitian terdiri atas dua percobaan dengan dua tetua jantan M13 dan M21 yang diuji terpisah. Percobaan pertama bertujuan meningkatkan produksi dan viabilitas polen, dilakukan dengan rancangan acak lengkap satu faktor dengan empat perlakuan, yaitu kontrol (tanpa penambahan unsur mikro), boraks 10 kg/ha, aplikasi 200 ppm AgNO3+1.000 ppm Na2SO4 dan kombinasi perlakuan keduanya. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap semua bunga jantan saat P1: 22-27 HST, P2: 28-33 HST, P3: 34-39 HST, P4: 40–45 HST, dan P5: 46-51 HST. Peubah yang diamati ialah jumlah polen per antera, viabilitas polen dan jumlah bunga jantan. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi boraks 10 kg/h dapat meningkatkan jumlah polen per antera M13 dan M21 namun tidak dapat meningkatkan viabilitas polen dan jumlah bunga jantannya. Jumlah polen tertinggi M13 ditemukan pada fase P4, sementara pada M21 terjadi pada fase P4 dan P5. Percobaan kedua dilakukan untuk mempelajari viabilitas polen pada bunga sehari sebelum antesis (A-1) dan saat antesis (A) serta Perubahan viabilitas polen selama penyimpanan dalam ultra freezer (-80±2OC) selama 30 hari. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa daya kecambah polen segar dari bunga antesis lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan polen yang dipanen sehari sebelum antesis. Polen dari bunga antesis yang telah disimpan selama 30 hari memiliki daya kecambah lebih tinggi 30,34% (M13) dan 24,86% (M21) dibandingkan dengan polen yang dipanen dari bunga sehari sebelum antesis 2,4% (M13) dan 7,35% (M21). Seluruh polen yang disimpan dapat digunakan untuk produksi benih hibrida di lapangan. Polen yang disimpan tidak berkorelasi dengan seed set di lapangan

Real-time thermal Schwinger-Dyson equation for quark self-energy in Landau gauge

By means of a formal expression of the Cornwall-Jackiw-Tomboulis effective potential for quark propagator at finite temperature and finite quark chemical potential, we derive the real-time thermal Schwinger-Dyson equation for quark propagator in Landau gauge. Denote the inverse quark propagator by $A(p^2)\not{p}-B(p^2)$, we argue that, when temperature $T$ is less than the given infrared momentum cutoff $p_c$, $A(p^2)=1$ is a feasible approximation and can be assumed in discussions of chiral symmetry phase transition problem in QCD.Comment: 8 pages, Latex, no figur

KUALITAS KOMPOS LIMBAH SOLID SAWIT DENGAN BERBAGAI BIODEKOMPOSER

[BIO-COMPOSTING OF SOLID OIL PALM WASTE WITH DIFFERENT DECOMPOSERS AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL CRITERIA FOR COMPOST QUALITY ASSESSMENT] The quantity of produced wastes by oil palm industry is increasing and may lead to significant environmental concerns and the use of these wastes as compost is considered to overcome their negative impacts. However, very few studies have been conducted to develop an effective composting process of the biomass waste using different decomposers. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the different physicochemical and biological quality of compost produced by bio-composting of solid oil palm waste with three different commercial decomposers. This study was conducted from September 2021 to November 2021 at the Compost House, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lambung Mangkurat. A certain period of bio-decomposition process was employed by using commercial bio-decomposers. Physicochemical and biological analyses of the composted solid waste were conducted after decomposer application. The experiment consisted of four treatments (i.e., solid oil palm waste + chicken manure, solid oil palm waste + chicken manure + EM4, solid oil palm waste + chicken manure + M21, and solid oil palm waste + chicken manure + Tangguh) and they were arranged in completely randomized design with three replicates. Results showed that quality of all compost met the SNI 400 standard except for pH, organic-C, and C/N ratio for the treatment without bio-decomposer,  pH and C/N ratio for the treatment EM4 bio-decomposer, water content, pH, organic-C, and C/N ratio for M21 bio-decomposer, and pH, organic-C, and C/N ratio for the treatment with Tangguh bio-decomposer, respectively. The maximum germination test obtained was recorded at 70%, 80%, 94%, and 86% in compost media without bio-decomposer, with EM4, 94% with M21, and with Tangguh, respectively. The maximum number of microbes were recorded at 3.2 x 106 µg/g, 2.9 x 105 µg/g, 1.3 x 106 µg/g, and 8.0 x 105 µg/g for compost without bio-decomposer, with EM4, with M21, and with Tangguh bio-decomposer, respectively.  Kelapa sawit merupakan salah satu tanaman perkebunan yang banyak dibudidayakan di Indoneisa, salah satunya yaitu di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kualitas kompos limbah solid sawit. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Penelitian ini bertempat di Rumah Kompos Jurusan Agroekoteknologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Lambung Mangkurat dan Laboratorium Tanah Jurusan Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Lambung Mangkurat. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan September 2021 hingga November 2021. Penelitian ini terdiri dari empat perlakuan yaitu P0= solid sawit + kotoran ayam, P1= solid sawit + kotoran ayam + EM4, P2= solid sawit + kotoran ayam + M21, dan P3= solid sawit + kotoran ayam + Tangguh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kualitas kompos limbah solid sawit tanpa biodekomposer sesuai SNI 2004, kecuali pH, C-organik, dan rasio C/N. Kompos limbah solid sawit dengan biodekomposer EM4 sesuai SNI 2004, kecuali pH dan rasio C/N. Kompos limbah solid sawit dengan biodekomposer M21 sesuai SNI 2004, kecuali kadar air, pH, C-organik, dan rasio C/N. Kompos limbah solid sawit dengan biodekomposer Tangguh sesuai SNI, kecuali pH, C-organik, dan rasio C/N. Uji perkecambahan benih edamame pada media kompos limbah solid sawit tanpa biodekomposer 70%, biodekomposer EM4 80%, biodekomposer M21 94%, biodekomposer Tangguh 86%. Total mikroba kompos limbah solid sawit tanpa biodekomposer 3,2 x 106 µg g-1, biodekomposer EM4 2,9 x 105 µg g-1, biodekomposer M21 1,3 x 106 µg g-1, dan biodekomposer Tangguh 8,0 x 105 µg g-1