31 research outputs found
Biosensors for Diagnosis and Monitoring
Biosensor technologies have received a great amount of interest in recent decades, and this has especially been the case in recent years due to the health alert caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The sensor platform market has grown in recent decades, and the COVID-19 outbreak has led to an increase in the demand for home diagnostics and point-of-care systems. With the evolution of biosensor technology towards portable platforms with a lower cost on-site analysis and a rapid selective and sensitive response, a larger market has opened up for this technology. The evolution of biosensor systems has the opportunity to change classic analysis towards real-time and in situ detection systems, with platforms such as point-of-care and wearables as well as implantable sensors to decentralize chemical and biological analysis, thus reducing industrial and medical costs. This book is dedicated to all the research related to biosensor technologies. Reviews, perspective articles, and research articles in different biosensing areas such as wearable sensors, point-of-care platforms, and pathogen detection for biomedical applications as well as environmental monitoring will introduce the reader to these relevant topics. This book is aimed at scientists and professionals working in the field of biosensors and also provides essential knowledge for students who want to enter the field
Wide Bandgap Based Devices: Design, Fabrication and Applications, Volume II
Wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductors are becoming a key enabling technology for several strategic fields, including power electronics, illumination, and sensors. This reprint collects the 23 papers covering the full spectrum of the above applications and providing contributions from the on-going research at different levels, from materials to devices and from circuits to systems
Case series of breast fillers and how things may go wrong: radiology point of view
INTRODUCTION: Breast augmentation is a procedure opted by women to overcome sagging
breast due to breastfeeding or aging as well as small breast size. Recent years have shown the
emergence of a variety of injectable materials on market as breast fillers. These injectable
breast fillers have swiftly gained popularity among women, considering the minimal
invasiveness of the procedure, nullifying the need for terrifying surgery. Little do they know
that the procedure may pose detrimental complications, while visualization of breast
parenchyma infiltrated by these fillers is also deemed substandard; posing diagnostic
challenges. We present a case series of three patients with prior history of hyaluronic acid and
collagen breast injections.
REPORT: The first patient is a 37-year-old lady who presented to casualty with worsening
shortness of breath, non-productive cough, central chest pain; associated with fever and chills
for 2-weeks duration. The second patient is a 34-year-old lady who complained of cough, fever
and haemoptysis; associated with shortness of breath for 1-week duration. CT in these cases
revealed non thrombotic wedge-shaped peripheral air-space densities.
The third patient is a 37‐year‐old female with right breast pain, swelling and redness for 2-
weeks duration. Previous collagen breast injection performed 1 year ago had impeded
sonographic visualization of the breast parenchyma. MRI breasts showed multiple non-
enhancing round and oval shaped lesions exhibiting fat intensity.
CONCLUSION: Radiologists should be familiar with the potential risks and hazards as well
as limitations of imaging posed by breast fillers such that MRI is required as problem-solving
tool
Characterization of alar ligament on 3.0T MRI: a cross-sectional study in IIUM Medical Centre, Kuantan
INTRODUCTION: The main purpose of the study is to compare the normal anatomy of alar
ligament on MRI between male and female. The specific objectives are to assess the prevalence
of alar ligament visualized on MRI, to describe its characteristics in term of its course, shape and
signal homogeneity and to find differences in alar ligament signal intensity between male and
female. This study also aims to determine the association between the heights of respondents
with alar ligament signal intensity and dimensions.
MATERIALS & METHODS: 50 healthy volunteers were studied on 3.0T MR scanner
Siemens Magnetom Spectra using 2-mm proton density, T2 and fat-suppression sequences. Alar
ligament is depicted in 3 planes and the visualization and variability of the ligament courses,
shapes and signal intensity characteristics were determined. The alar ligament dimensions were
also measured.
RESULTS: Alar ligament was best depicted in coronal plane, followed by sagittal and axial
planes. The orientations were laterally ascending in most of the subjects (60%), predominantly
oval in shaped (54%) and 67% showed inhomogenous signal. No significant difference of alar
ligament signal intensity between male and female respondents. No significant association was
found between the heights of the respondents with alar ligament signal intensity and dimensions.
CONCLUSION: Employing a 3.0T MR scanner, the alar ligament is best portrayed on coronal
plane, followed by sagittal and axial planes. However, tremendous variability of alar ligament as
depicted in our data shows that caution needs to be exercised when evaluating alar ligament,
especially during circumstances of injury
Charakterisierung funktionaler Nanomaterialien für biomagnetische Sensoren und Atemanalyse
The presented thesis is covering materials aspects for the development of magnetoelectric sensors for biomagnetic sensing and solid state sensors for breath monitoring.
The electrophysiological signals of the human body and especially their irregularities provide extremely valuable information about the heart, brain or nerve malfunction in medical diagnostics. Similar and even more detailed information is contained in the generated biomagnetic fields which measurement offers improved diagnostics and treatment of the patients. A new type of room temperature operable magnetoelectric composite sensors is developed in the framework of the CRC1261 Magnetoelectric Sensors:
From Composite Materials to Biomagnetic Diagnostics. This thesis focuses on the individual materials structure-property relations and their combination in magnetoelectric
composite sensors studied by electron beam based techniques, at lengths scales ranging from micrometers to atomic resolution. The first part of this thesis highlights
selected studies on the structural and analytic aspects of single phase materials and their composites using TEM as the primary method of investigation. With respect
to the piezoelectric phase, alternatives to AlN have been thoroughly investigated to seek for improvement of specific sensor approaches. In this context, the alloying of Sc
into the AlN matrix has been demonstrated to yield high quality films with improved piezoelectric and unprecedented ferroelectric properties grown under the control of deposition
parameters. Lead-free titanate films with large piezo-coefficients at the verge of the morphotropic phase boundary as alternative to PZT films have been investigated
in terms of crystal symmetry, defect structure and domains of cation ordering. New morphologies of ZnO and GaN semiconductors envisioned for a piezotronic-based
sensor approach were subject of in-depth defect and analytical studies describing intrinsic defects and lattice strains upon deposition as well as hollow composite structures.
When the dimensions of a materials are reduced, novel exciting properties such as in-plane piezoelectricity can arise in planar transition-metal dichalcogenides.
Here, the turbostratic disorder in a few-layered MoSe2 film has been investigated by nanobeam electron diffraction and Fast Fourier Transformations. From the perspective
of magnetic materials, the atomic structure of magnetostrictive multilayers of FeCo/TiN showing stability up to elevated temperatures has been analyzed in detail
regarding the crystallographic relationship of heteroepitaxy in multilayer composites exhibiting individual layer thicknesses below 1 nm. Further, magnetic hard layers
have been investigated in the context of exchange spring concepts and ME composites based on shape memory alloy substrates have been studied regarding structural
changes implied by different annealing processes. The second part of this thesis introduces materials aspects and sensor studies on gas detection in the clinical context
of breath analysis. The detection of specific vapors in the human breath is of medical relevance, since certain species can be enriched depending on the conditions and
processes within the human body. Hence, they can be regarded as biomarkers for the patients condition of health. The selection of suitable materials and the gas measurement
working principle are considered and selected studies on solid state sensors with different surface functionalization or targeted application on basis of ZnO or
CuO-oxide and Fe-oxide species are presented