Excision margins in breast conserving surgery

The ideal excision margin in breast conserving surgery is still a matter of debate. The aim is to see if there is any correlation between increasing excision margin distance and local recurrence rate. Patients who had breast conserving surgery at Mater Dei Hospital in 2009 had their notes reviewed retrospectively. Patient demograpichs, including the excision margins were recorded. Local recurrences within a 3 year follow up period were noted. Chi square was used to compare categorical data and a p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. 91 patients were recruited into the study. 74 patients (81.5%) had negative margins (>1mm), 10 patients (11%) had close margins (<1mm) while 7 patients (7.5%) had positive margins. 5 patients (5.5%) had local recurrence. The highest recurrence rate (14%) was in patients with positive margins, and no statistical signficant difference in recurrence rates was noted with wider excision margins. As long as the margins are negative, increasing excision margins will not result in a better local recurrence rate.peer-reviewe

Prognostic Significance of Canine Mammary Tumor Histologic Subtypes: An Observational Cohort Study of 229 Cases

Histopathology is considered the gold standard diagnostic method for canine mammary tumors. In 2011, a new histologic classification for canine mammary tumors was proposed. The present study was a 2-year prospective study that validated the 2011 classification as an independent prognostic indicator with multivariate analysis in a population of 229 female dogs, identifying subtype-specific median survival times (MST) and local recurrence/distant metastasis rates. Dogs with benign tumors and carcinoma arising in benign mixed tumors all had an excellent prognosis. Dogs with complex carcinoma and simple tubular carcinoma also experienced prolonged survival. Those with simple tubulopapillary carcinoma, intraductal papillary carcinoma, and carcinoma and malignant myoepithelioma had a more than 10-fold higher risk of tumor-related death. The prognosis was even worse for adenosquamous carcinoma (MST = 18 months), comedocarcinoma (MST = 14 months), and solid carcinoma (MST = 8 months). The most unfavorable outcome was for anaplastic carcinoma (MST = 3 months) and carcinosarcoma (MST = 3 months), which also had the highest metastatic rates (89% and 100%, respectively). Adenosquamous carcinoma exhibited the highest local recurrence rate (50%). In the same canine population, the tumor diameter was recognized as a strong predictor of local recurrence/distant metastasis and an independent prognosticator of survival in the multivariate analysis. Excision margins were predictive only of local recurrence, whereas lymphatic invasion and histologic grade were predictive of local recurrence/distant metastasis and survival, although only in univariate analyses. In conclusion, this study validated the 2011 classification scheme and provided information to be used in the clinical setting and as the basis for future prognostic studies. </jats:p

Local Limit Theorem for the Lorentz Process and Its Recurrence in the Plane

For Young systems, i.e. for hyperbolic systems without/with singularities satisfying Lai-Sang Young's axioms (which imply exponential decay of correlation and the CLT) a local CLT is proven. In fact, a unified version of the local CLT is found, covering among others the absolutely contionuous and the arithmetic cases. For the planar Lorentz process with a finite horizon this result implies a.) the local CLT and b.) the recurrence. For the latter case ($d=2$, finite horizon), combining the global CLT with abstract ergodic theoretic ideas, K. Schmidt, and J.-P. Conze, could already establish recurrence

Recurrence and lyapunov exponents

We prove two inequalities between the Lyapunov exponents of a diffeomorphism and its local recurrence properties. We give examples showing that each of the inequalities is optimal

Odontogenic Myxoma Of The Maxilla: A Clinical Case Report And Review Of Literature

Odontogenic myxomas are rare benign mesenchymal  tumours of head and neck with a potential for  local infiltration and recurrence. They appear to originate from the dental papilla, follicle or periodontal ligament in mandible and less commonly the maxilla.These usually present in second or third decade of life as slowly progressive space occupying lesion in the jaw giving a  mixed radiopaque-radiolucent appearance.The treatment is considered to be wide local excision in view of high recurrence with curettage alone. Here, we present a case of odontogenic myxoma of maxilla, in a 40 year old lady, with a brief review of  literature, clinical, radiological, histopathological characteristics and therapeutic modality employed.