2 research outputs found
Node Deployment in Heterogeneous Rayleigh Fading Sensor Networks
We study a heterogeneous Rayleigh fading wireless sensor network (WSN) in
which densely deployed sensor nodes monitor an environment and transmit their
sensed information to base stations (BSs) using access points (APs) as relays
to facilitate the data transfer. We consider both large-scale and small-scale
propagation effects in our system model and formulate the node deployment
problem as an optimization problem aimed at minimizing the wireless
communication network's power consumption. By imposing a desired outage
probability constraint on all communication channels, we derive the necessary
conditions for the optimal deployment that not only minimize the power
consumption, but also guarantee all wireless links to have an outage
probability below the given threshold. In addition, we study the necessary
conditions for an optimal deployment given ergodic capacity constraints. We
compare our node deployment algorithms with similar algorithms in the
literature and demonstrate their efficacy and superiority
A review of Energy Hole mitigating techniques in multi-hop many to one communication and its significance in IoT oriented Smart City infrastructure
A huge increase in the percentage of the world's urban population poses resource management, especially energy management challenges in smart cities. In this paper, the growing challenges of energy management in smart cities have been explored and the significance of elimination of energy holes in converge cast communication has been discussed. The impact of mitigation of energy holes on the network lifetime and energy efficiency has been thoroughly covered. The particular focus of this work has been on energy-efficient practices in two major key enablers of smart cities namely, the Internet of Things (IoT) and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). In addition, this paper presents a robust survey of state-of-the-art energy-efficient routing and clustering methods in WSNs. A niche energy efficiency issue in WSNs routing has been identified as energy holes and a detailed survey and evaluation of various techniques that mitigate the formation of energy holes and achieve balanced energy-efficient routing has been covered