National Traitors In Chicano Culture and Literature: Malinche and Chicano Homosexuals

This article examines the literary representation of a treatment of homosexuality in Mexican/Chicano culture. In this study, Alvarez argues that this cultural treatment is rooted in the gender paradigm central to Mexican/Chicano culture: the narrative of La Malinche

REPRESENTASI KEKUASAAN TOKOH INFORMAL DALAM NOVEL DASAMUKA KARYA JUNAEDI SETIYONO

Research on Representation of the Powers of Informal People in Novel Dasamuka Karya Junaedi Setiyono is trying to reveal the power of informalleaders. The selection of Dasamuka's novel by Junaedi Setiyono is based on theidea that the novel comprehensively describes the power of informal leaders in thereality of life recorded in the form of literary works.The problems studied in this research are the representation of dominance and the strength of informal leaders. This is based on the consideration that both represent the power of informal leaders used to explore the power of informalleaders in a literary work. The theory used in this research is literary hegemony byAntonio Gramsci.The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with approach ofsociology of literature. The source data is a novel titled Dasamuka Junaedi Setiyono work. The form of data in the form of sentences, excerpts and sequences of stories in novels relating to research problems. Data collection in this researchusing the technique of documentation and analyzing using qualitative descriptive technique.Based on the result of the research, it can be concluded that there presentation of informal leaders in Dasamuka novel by Junaedi Setiyono is are presentation of domination and strength. Representation of the dominance of informal leaders is reflected in the dominance of actions, attitudes, speeches andthe role of informal leaders who describe the things that informal leaders do incontrolling social groups. The representation of the power of informal figures is illustrated in the power of ideas / powers of thinking, the power of managing tactics, the power of convincing others, and the risk-taking power that describes the power within the informal leaders in creating power. The value of education relevant to all of this research is as a means of analysis of the subject of sociology of literature

Introduction : literary texts and their translations as an object of research

This special issue of the International Journal of Literary Linguistics offers seven state-of-the-art contributions on the current linguistic study of literary translation. Although the articles are based on similar data – literary source texts and their translations – they focus on diverse aspects of literary translation, study a range of linguistic phenomena and utilize different methodologies. In other words, it is an important goal of this special issue to illuminate the current diversity of possible approaches in the linguistic study of translated literary texts within the discipline of translation studies. At the same time, new theoretical and empirical insights are opened to the study of the linguistic phenomena chosen by the authors of the articles and their representation or use in literary texts and translations. The analyzed features range from neologisms to the category of passive and from spoken language features to the representation of speech and multilingualism in writing. Therefore, the articles in this issue are not only relevant for the study of literary translation or translation theory in general, but also for the disciplines of linguistics and literary studies – or most importantly, for the cross-disciplinary co-operation between these three fields of study. The common theme that all these articles share is how the translation process shapes, transfers and changes the linguistic properties of literary texts as compared to their sources texts, other translations or non-translated literary texts in the same language and how this question can be approached in research. All articles provide new information about the forces that direct and affect translators’ textual choices and the previously formulated hypotheses about the functioning of such forces. The articles illustrate how translators may perform differently from authors and how translators’ and authors’ norms may diverge at different times and in different cultures. The question of how translation affects the linguistic properties of literary translations is approached from the viewpoint of previously proposed claims or hypotheses about translation. In the following, we will introduce these viewpoints for readers who are not familiar with the recent developments in translation studies. At the same time, we will shortly present the articles in this issue

Thea Astley’s modernism of the 'Deep North', or on (un)kindness

Although she is often perceived as a writer of the local, the rural or the regional, Thea Astley herself notes writing by American modernists as her primary literary influence, and emphasises the ethical value of transnational reading and writing. Similarly, she draws parallels between writing of the American ‘Deep South’ and her own writing of the ‘Deep North’, with a particular focus on the struggles of the racial or cultural outsider. In this article, I pursue Astley’s peculiar blend of these literary genres — modernism, the Gothic and the transnational — as a means of understanding her conceptualisation of kindness and community. Although Astley rejects the necessity of literary community, her writing emphasises instead the value of interpersonal engagement and social responsibility. With a focus on her first novel, Girl with a Monkey (1958), this article considers Astley’s representation of the distinction between community and kindness, particularly for young Catholic women in Queensland in the early twentieth century. In its simultaneous critique of the expectations placed on women and its upholding of the values of kindness and charity, Astley considers our responsibilities in our relations with the Other and with community

The Ethical Limitations of Holocaust Literary Representation

Following Theodor Adorno's statement (and subsequent retraction) that 'to write poetry after Auschwitz is barbaric' the issues surrounding the ethical implications of the production and study of Holocaust literature have continued to provoke academic discussion. My paper examines two complementary aspects of the debate: firstly, probing the arguably taboo nature of Holocaust testimony, and the limitations faced by those survivors who wish to tell their stories, in terms of what they feel they can and cannot reveal. How do these authors break the barriers that render their experiences 'unspeakable', in order to transmit these experiences in textual form? Secondly, I shall begin to approach the tension that exists between 'truly' autobiographical Holocaust literature such as the work of Primo Levi, and works of historical fiction such as Thomas Keneally's Schindler's List, and more controversially Binjamin Wilkomirski's 'fake' Holocaust testimony, Fragments. Berel Lang awards such texts a certain pedagogical value, regardless of whether or not they can be said to be historically accurate, however he also maintains a distinct boundary between the realms of 'fact' and 'fiction'. My research aims towards an understanding of how and where this boundary can be placed. Finally, I shall attempt to provide some understanding of my own position as a non-Jewish scholar undertaking academic research on Holocaust literature, and how this generates its own barriers

Nothing but the Truth, take two: fighting for the reader in the Tlatelolco 1968 discourse

The hypothesis put forward in this project is that there are two mechanisms of creating a collective memory of the event: one is hegemonic (dominated by state discourses and, potentially, academic studies of the shooting), and the other is posthegemonic (dominated by literary and popular discourses). We also posit that neither mechanism produces or even aims to produce an accurate representation of the event; instead, the two systems control cognitive and affective domains in collective conscience. The present paper will compare the way the two mechanisms are used in the contemporary analyses of the Tlatelolco massacre. The two works in question are Roberto Blanco Moheno, Tlatelolco: historia de una infamia (1969), and Guillermo Balám, Tlatelolco: Reflexiones de un testigo (1969). I aim to determine whether the two authors, apparently representing the opposing camps in the Tlatelolco discourse, approach the representation of the massacre from two divergent perspectives or whether their texts are characterised by the unity of the mechanisms involved in creating a memory of the event in the collective conscience

"Mutual relations of dialogue, parody, contestation" : writing Nabokov's life in the age of the author's death

textIn her introduction to a special issue of the South Central Review on literary biography published in 2006, Linda Leavell writes, "Many would trace the disdain for literary biography—in both senses of the word “literary”—back through Roland Barthes’s “death of the author” to the New Critics’ division of text from context all the way to T. S. Eliot’s theory of impersonality. Critical theory of the past century has generally deemed an author’s life, personality, and intentions irrelevant to the text" (1). Leavell’s explanation of how critical theory of the twentieth century came to shape the current scholarly attitude towards literary biography establishes the genre’s status in an era of literary theory that is commonly characterized by the diminishment of the author as the source of meaning in a text, an era in which we remain. This characterization, however, overlooks the different ways that the theorists of the era displaced the author as the dominant figure in literary studies. This paper demonstrates how these different ways, despite whatever damage they might have done to the status of literary biography, actually benefit the study of the genre. Additionally, this paper argues that they not only comprise one side of Vladimir Nabokov’s contradictory views on his own authorship, which makes him an ideal subject for the study of authority over biographical representation, but also gave rise to new methodologies of literary biography, which are the methodologies of Nabokov’s biographers themselves. As a result, this paper concludes, “an author’s life, personality, and intentions” in turn have assumed new relevancy in literary studies.Englis

Goblins, Greed, and Goodness: The Symbolic and Narrative Degradation of Goblins within The Hobbit

Throughout The Hobbit, J.R.R Tolkien establishes a variety of races that range on a diverse scale of good and evil. Within this spectrum, Goblins are portrayed as being the most evil in comparison to every other race on Middle Earth. Tolkien utilizes a variety of literary devices -from a repeated symbolic association with fire to their physical intolerance to environmental elements such as sunlight- to establish the complete disconnection between the Goblins and the natural world. This detachment allows their race as an entirety to become the embodiment of evil, which functions as a plot device throughout the narrative. Goblins play a vital role within The Hobbit, as their race is ultimately degraded to being a mere symbol for evil. This serves as a reference for the goodness of other races. Additionally, the initial portrayal of the Goblins in The Hobbit is significant because throughout Tolkien’s legendarium, “orcs are, in both quality and literal reference, interchangeable with “goblins” in folklore and Victorian fairy-telling” (Tyellas 5). The Hobbit’s illustration of the Goblin race acts as the most fundamentally primitive representation of a race that is later referenced as Orcs throughout The Lord of the Rings and The Silmarillion. Therefore, the Goblins play a unique and noteworthy role within the narrative of The Hobbit; the race itself is dehumanized into a representation of evil, which serves as a standard for defining goodness within the entire racial context of Middle Earth. This is a major source of Tolkien’s plot development throughout the novel. Additionally, there is a significant contrast between Tolkien’s literary depiction and Peter Jackson’s modern day cinematic portrayal of the Goblins in the film, The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey. The evolution seen in the film is reflective of modern society’s discomfort with using race to classify the inherent qualities of an entire group of people

Leveraging a Narrative Ontology to Query a Literary Text

In this work we propose a model for the representation of the narrative of a literary text. The model is structured in an ontology and a lexicon constituting a knowledge base that can be queried by a system. This narrative ontology, as well as describing the actors, locations, situations found in the text, provides an explicit formal representation of the timeline of the story. We will focus on a specific case study, that of the representation of a selected portion of Homer\u27s Odyssey, in particular of the knowledge required to answer a selection of salient queries, formulated by a literary scholar. This work is being carried out within the framework of the Semantic Web by adopting models and standards such as RDF, OWL, SPARQL, and lemon among others