Nationalism and regional integration arrangements : a case study of Indonesia and the ASEAN Free Trade Agreement

This thesis analyses the relationship between Indonesian nationalism and ASEAN regional integration, with specific reference to the ASEAN Free Trade Agreement (AFTA). Traditionally, the relationship between nationalism and regionalism has most often been characterised as contentious. This thesis, however, challenges the argument that nationalism and regionalism cannot co-exist, and argues instead that the two ideologies can stand in a symbiotic relationship to each other. The relationship between nationalism and regionalism can be conflicting or mutually exclusive, but can also sometimes be mutually reinforcing. Therefore, nationalists today are not necessarily hostile to free trade and closer economic ties with other states. In 1992, members of ASEAN agreed to closer economic integration through the formation of AFTA. In principle, this agreement was made to increase the international competitiveness of ASEAN industries and to make the Southeast Asian region an attractive investment location. This thesis analyses the contemporary attitude of Indonesians towards this trade agreement. During the signing of this trade agreement, little opposition was expressed by Indonesian domestic actors because within Indonesian politics at the time Indonesian foreign economic policy was the business of the President, the Nfinistry of Foreign Affairs, the military, and a handful of members of the academic I community. The wave of democratisation that emerged as a result of the economic crisis of 1997 allowed for the greater involvement of domestic actors in determining Indonesian foreign economic policy. Although the majority of the Indonesian political elite remain supportive of AFTA, some Indonesian pressure groups, particularly non-governmental. organisations (NGOs) and civil society organisations (CSOs), have expressed their scepticism. Despite this, scepticism about AFTA is not a result of increased nationalist sentiment in Indonesia, but is due instead to the lack of proper information disseminated to these pressure groups. i

Purple Patcher 1927

This is a digitized version of the 1927 Purple Patcher. Physical copies of the Purple Patcher are held by the College of the Holy Cross Archives.https://crossworks.holycross.edu/purple_patcher/1059/thumbnail.jp

Combat in Saga Literature. Traces of martial arts in medieval Iceland

"Combat in Saga Literature. Traces of martial arts in medieval Iceland" describes and analyses the combat scenes in Old Norse saga literature. It develops four "modes of combat", literary patterns that shaped the narration of combat, and raises the question in how far medieval Iceland participated in European fencing/martial arts culture