Enhancement of the total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of aqueous <i>Citrus limon </i>L. pomace extract using microwave pretreatment on the dry powder

The effect of microwave pretreatment on the levels of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, and individual major compounds as well as the total antioxidant activity of the dried lemon pomace was investigated. The results showed that microwave pretreatment significantly affected all the examined parameters. The total phenolic content, total flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, as well as the total antioxidant activity significantly increased as the microwave radiation time and power increased (e.g., 2.5-fold for phenolics, 1.4-fold for flavonoids, and 5.5-fold for proanthocyanidins); however, irradiation of more than 480 W for 5 min resulted in the decrease of these parameters. These findings indicate that microwave irradiation time and power may enhance higher levels of the phenolic compounds as well as the antioxidant capacity of the dried lemon pomace powder. However, higher and longer irradiation may lead to a degradation of phenolic compounds and lower the antioxidant capacity of the dried lemon pomace.Practical applicationsLemon pomace could be a good source of bioactive compounds and antioxidants. Microwave irradiation could be applied for the enhancement of the total phenolic compounds and antioxidants of the lemon pomace-dried powder. The findings of this study can be applied for enhancing the bioactive compounds and the antioxidant activity of the dried lemon pomace for further extraction, isolation, and utilisation

Lemon: an MPI parallel I/O library for data encapsulation using LIME

We introduce Lemon, an MPI parallel I/O library that is intended to allow for efficient parallel I/O of both binary and metadata on massively parallel architectures. Motivated by the demands of the Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics community, the data is stored in the SciDAC Lattice QCD Interchange Message Encapsulation format. This format allows for storing large blocks of binary data and corresponding metadata in the same file. Even if designed for LQCD needs, this format might be useful for any application with this type of data profile. The design, implementation and application of Lemon are described. We conclude with presenting the excellent scaling properties of Lemon on state of the art high performance computers

To Look Austrian

While still in the midst of their study abroad experiences, students at Linfield College write reflective essays. Their essays address issues of cultural similarity and difference, compare lifestyles, mores, norms, and habits between their host countries and home, and examine changes in perceptions about their host countries and the United States. In this essay, Sierra Lemon describes her observations during her study abroad program at the Austro-American Institute of Education in Vienna, Austria

The Minimized Face of Internal Communication: An Exploration of How Public Relations Agency Websites Frame Internal Communication and its Connection to Social Media

Internal communication is increasingly vital to organizational success due to the influence of social media, yet it remains understudied within public relations research. Using a qualitative content analysis of 181 websites, this study examines how leading public relations agency websites frame the value of internal communication and its connection to social media. Findings reveal internal communication is largely missing from the frame. When explicitly referenced, it is mostly framed as synonymous with employee communication as a means for management to communicate to employees, though some portrayals are more robust. Websites frame internal communication’s value as enhancing financial outcomes by improving workplace culture, employee engagement, and workers’ willingness to support management’s preferred organization brand or reputation. Social media are disconnected from internal communication and are mostly framed as tools that require additional employee training to use in order to reach external audiences. A handful of agencies urge organizations to include social media and internal stakeholders within the internal communication function. Recommendations are made for future internal communication research and practice

Tingkat Ketahanan Infused Water Lemon Dengan Penambahan Kayu Manis Dan Cengkeh Terhadap Lamanya Perendaman

Lemon dipercaya memiliki vitamin C yang bermanfaat bagi tubuh.Vitamin C merupakan salah satu jenis vitamin yang larut dalam air. Lemon juga bisa digunakan sebagai bahan utama didalam pembuatan infused water dikarenakan lemon memiliki kandungan antioksidan yang bermanfaat bagi tubuh. Infused water lemon dapat diolah dengan memasukan potongan lemon yang direndam didalam air putih selama beberapa jam. Pengaruh lemon dan lamanya perendaman dapat berpengaruh terhadap karakteristik dari infused water lemon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui uji organoleptik infused water lemon dengan penambahan kayu manis dan cengkeh serta infused water lemon manakah yang paling baik. Pendekatan pada penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner dan melakukan 3 perlakuan dengan 1 control. P0 (tanpa perlakuan) sebagai control, P1 (cengkeh), P2 (kayu manis), P3 (kayu manis dan cengkeh). Presentasi pemilihan warna terbaik yaitu warna “kuning” (K) dan warna “kuning kecoklatan” (KK) dalam waktu 8 jam. Presentasi aroma terbaik yaitu “aroma lemon sangat menonjol” (C1), “aroma lemon dan cengkeh menonjol” (A2), “aroma lemon menonjol dan kayu manis tidak ada” (C3) pada waktu 8 jam. Presentasi rasa terbaik yaitu rasa “asam” (AS) dan rasa “asam pahit” (AP) dalam waktu 8 jam. Dari hasil pengamatan infused water lemon yang paling baik adalah pada waktu 8 jam dari seluruh perlakuan (P1, P2, dan P3)