38,336 research outputs found
Human Like Adaptation of Force and Impedance in Stable and Unstable Tasks
AbstractâThis paper presents a novel human-like learning con-troller to interact with unknown environments. Strictly derived from the minimization of instability, motion error, and effort, the controller compensates for the disturbance in the environment in interaction tasks by adapting feedforward force and impedance. In contrast with conventional learning controllers, the new controller can deal with unstable situations that are typical of tool use and gradually acquire a desired stability margin. Simulations show that this controller is a good model of human motor adaptation. Robotic implementations further demonstrate its capabilities to optimally adapt interaction with dynamic environments and humans in joint torque controlled robots and variable impedance actuators, with-out requiring interaction force sensing. Index TermsâFeedforward force, human motor control, impedance, robotic control. I
Robot Manipulation Task Learning by Leveraging SE(3) Group Invariance and Equivariance
This paper presents a differential geometric control approach that leverages
SE(3) group invariance and equivariance to increase transferability in learning
robot manipulation tasks that involve interaction with the environment.
Specifically, we employ a control law and a learning representation framework
that remain invariant under arbitrary SE(3) transformations of the manipulation
task definition. Furthermore, the control law and learning representation
framework are shown to be SE(3) equivariant when represented relative to the
spatial frame. The proposed approach is based on utilizing a recently presented
geometric impedance control (GIC) combined with a learning variable impedance
control framework, where the gain scheduling policy is trained in a supervised
learning fashion from expert demonstrations. A geometrically consistent error
vector (GCEV) is fed to a neural network to achieve a gain scheduling policy
that remains invariant to arbitrary translation and rotations. A comparison of
our proposed control and learning framework with a well-known Cartesian space
learning impedance control, equipped with a Cartesian error vector-based gain
scheduling policy, confirms the significantly superior learning transferability
of our proposed approach. A hardware implementation on a peg-in-hole task is
conducted to validate the learning transferability and feasibility of the
proposed approach
Learning Compliant Stiffness by Impedance Control-Aware Task Segmentation and Multi-objective Bayesian Optimization with Priors
Rather than traditional position control, impedance control is preferred to
ensure the safe operation of industrial robots programmed from demonstrations.
However, variable stiffness learning studies have focused on task performance
rather than safety (or compliance). Thus, this paper proposes a novel stiffness
learning method to satisfy both task performance and compliance requirements.
The proposed method optimizes the task and compliance objectives (T/C
objectives) simultaneously via multi-objective Bayesian optimization. We define
the stiffness search space by segmenting a demonstration into task phases, each
with constant responsible stiffness. The segmentation is performed by
identifying impedance control-aware switching linear dynamics (IC-SLD) from the
demonstration. We also utilize the stiffness obtained by proposed IC-SLD as
priors for efficient optimization. Experiments on simulated tasks and a real
robot demonstrate that IC-SLD-based segmentation and the use of priors improve
the optimization efficiency compared to existing baseline methods.Comment: Accepted to IROS202
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Simultaneously encoding movement and sEMG-based stiffness for robotic skill learning
Transferring human stiffness regulation strategies to robots enables them to effectively and efficiently acquire adaptive impedance control policies to deal with uncertainties during the accomplishment of physical contact tasks in an unstructured environment. In this work, we develop such a physical human-robot interaction (pHRI) system which allows robots to learn variable impedance skills from human demonstrations. Specifically, the biological signals, i.e., surface electromyography (sEMG) are utilized for the extraction of human arm stiffness features during the task demonstration. The estimated human arm stiffness is then mapped into a robot impedance controller. The dynamics of both movement and stiffness are simultaneously modeled by using a model combining the hidden semi-Markov model (HSMM) and the Gaussian mixture regression (GMR). More importantly, the correlation between the movement information and the stiffness information is encoded in a systematic manner. This approach enables capturing uncertainties over time and space and allows the robot to satisfy both position and stiffness requirements in a task with modulation of the impedance controller. The experimental study validated the proposed approach
Data-Analytics Modeling of Electrical Impedance Measurements for Cell Culture Monitoring
High-throughput data analysis challenges in laboratory automation and lab-on-a-chip devicesâ applications are continuously increasing. In cell culture monitoring, specifically, the electrical cell-substrate impedance sensing technique (ECIS), has been extensively used for a wide variety of applications. One of the main drawbacks of ECIS is the need for implementing complex electrical models to decode the electrical performance of the full system composed by the electrodes, medium, and cells. In this work we present a new approach for the analysis of data and the prediction of a specific biological parameter, the fill-factor of a cell culture, based on a polynomial regression, data-analytic model. The method was successfully applied to a specific ECIS circuit and two different cell cultures, N2A (a mouse neuroblastoma cell line) and myoblasts. The data-analytic modeling approach can be used in the decoding of electrical impedance measurements of different cell lines, provided a representative volume of data from the cell culture growth is available, sorting out the difficulties traditionally found in the implementation of electrical models. This can be of particular importance for the design of control algorithms for cell cultures in tissue engineering protocols, and labs-on-a-chip and wearable devices applicationsEspaĂąa, Ministerio de Ciencia e InnovaciĂłn y Universidades project RTI2018-093512-B-C2
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