An Empirical Comparison of Parsing Methods for Stanford Dependencies

Stanford typed dependencies are a widely desired representation of natural language sentences, but parsing is one of the major computational bottlenecks in text analysis systems. In light of the evolving definition of the Stanford dependencies and developments in statistical dependency parsing algorithms, this paper revisits the question of Cer et al. (2010): what is the tradeoff between accuracy and speed in obtaining Stanford dependencies in particular? We also explore the effects of input representations on this tradeoff: part-of-speech tags, the novel use of an alternative dependency representation as input, and distributional representaions of words. We find that direct dependency parsing is a more viable solution than it was found to be in the past. An accompanying software release can be found at: http://www.ark.cs.cmu.edu/TBSDComment: 13 pages, 2 figure

Machine learning : techniques and foundations

The field of machine learning studies computational methods for acquiring new knowledge, new skills, and new ways to organize existing knowledge. In this paper we present some of the basic techniques and principles that underlie AI research on learning, including methods for learning from examples, learning in problem solving, learning by analogy, grammar acquisition, and machine discovery. In each case, we illustrate the techniques with paradigmatic examples

A Grammatical Paradigm

Avram Noam Chomsky is known for his work at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, for his political pursuits, and most importantly, for his theories in the discipline of linguistics. Chomsky linguistic pursuits aimed to answer the following linguistic studies: how a person learns and develops a language, how a person structures and understands a sentence, and what the purpose of linguistics is as a whole. His theories dramatically changed the linguistic paradigm. Due to this change, this paper also attempts to illustrate the correlation between scientific philosopher Thomas Kuhn’s belief in ‘paradigm shifts’ and the subsequent change in linguistic thought spurred by Chomsky’s grammatical theories

Proceedings of QG2010: The Third Workshop on Question Generation

These are the peer-reviewed proceedings of "QG2010, The Third Workshop on Question Generation". The workshop included a special track for "QGSTEC2010: The First Question Generation Shared Task and Evaluation Challenge". QG2010 was held as part of The Tenth International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS2010)

Algorithms and implementation of functional dependency discovery in XML : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Information Sciences in Information Systems at Massey University

1.1 Background Following the advent of the web, there has been a great demand for data interchange between applications using internet infrastructure. XML (extensible Markup Language) provides a structured representation of data empowered by broad adoption and easy deployment. As a subset of SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language), XML has been standardized by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) [Bray et al., 2004], XML is becoming the prevalent data exchange format on the World Wide Web and increasingly significant in storing semi-structured data. After its initial release in 1996, it has evolved and been applied extensively in all fields where the exchange of structured documents in electronic form is required. As with the growing popularity of XML, the issue of functional dependency in XML has recently received well deserved attention. The driving force for the study of dependencies in XML is it is as crucial to XML schema design, as to relational database(RDB) design [Abiteboul et al., 1995]