Venuti's "foreignization" : the legacy of Friedrich Schleiermacher in translation studies?

The paper analyses the reception of Friedrich Schleiermacher's main concepts influenced by Lawrence Venuti. Some important aspects of Schleiermacher's theory that have not been duly considered by the American researcher are discussed.O artigo analisa a recepção dos conceitos mais importantes de Friedrich Schleiermacher feita por Lawrence Venuti. São discutidos os principais pontos da teoria de Schleiermacher e apontados os aspectos não considerados pelo teórico americano

Egzotyzować defamiliaryzację? Problemy przekładu postmodernistycznej powieści amerykańskiej - Donald Barthelme

The article offers an analysis of Polish translations of the novels 'King' and 'Snow White' by Donald Barthelme in view of the concepts proposed by Lawrence Venuti. (In Polish

Translation, History, Narrative

Every stage in the production, circulation and reception of a translation is profoundly marked by its historical moment, tracing a history that is distinct from the history of the foreign text. The historical nature of translation is apparent in the succession of varying methods that define it within a single culture, not only standards of accuracy, but the interpretation of the conceptual categories on which that standard is based, not only discursive strategies and the very linguistic texture of translations, but the conceptual discourses that translators inscribe in foreign texts as interpretations. Translation traditions can be sketched in which specific practices are repeatedly performed for decades, centuries, even millennia. The relations between translation universals and norms are subject to historical variation. A history of translation, like any history, endows translation practices with significance through a narrative form or mixture of forms, depending on the factors that the historian selects to describe the chronological succession of practices.Les étapes de production, de circulation et de réception d’une traduction sont profondément marquées par leur moment historique ; elles tracent une histoire différente de celle du texte étranger. Le caractère historique de la traduction est révélé par l’évolution des méthodes diverses qui la définissent au sein d’une même culture ; non pas tant les critères de fidélité que l’interprétation des catégories conceptuelles sur lesquelles reposent ces critères ; non pas tant les stratégies discursives et la texture purement linguistique des traductions que les discours conceptuels inscrits par les traducteurs dans les textes étrangers en tant qu’interprétations. On peut esquisser des traditions traductives dans les pratiques particulières qui ne cessent de se répéter au fil des décennies, des siècles, voire des millénaires. La variation historique est au coeur des rapports entre les universaux et les normes de traduction. Comme toute histoire, l’histoire de la traduction confère aux pratiques de traduction une forme ou plutôt un ensemble de formes narratives, selon les aspects que l’historien choisit pour décrire la suite chronologique de pratiques

Translation, Heterogeneity, Linguistics

Translation, Heterogeneity, Linguistics — As an American translator of literary texts I devise and execute my projects with a distinctive set of theoretical assumptions about language and textuality, assumptions that highlight the power relations in any cultural situation and that therefore carry ethical and political implications for translation. Yet these assumptions, derived from recent European developments in literary and cultural theory (notably poststructuralism and postmarxist sociology), run counter to the linguistics-oriented approaches that currently dominate translation research and translator training, and that tend to construe language, textuality, and hence translation as relatively value-free means of communication. My article describes my conception of translation, considers how it has informed my recent translation projects — both the selection of foreign texts and the development of discursive strategies — and then examines its differences to linguistics-oriented approaches that are based on pragmatics and text linguistics. My aim is not to suggest that such approaches be abandoned, but rather that they be reconsidered from a different theoretical and practical orientation — one that will in turn be forced to rethink itself.Traduction, hétérogénéité, linguistique — En tant que traducteur américain de textes littéraires, je pense et réalise mes projets à partir d'un certain nombre d'hypothèses théoriques précises sur le langage et la textualité, hypothèses qui font ressortir les relations de pouvoir existant dans toute situation culturelle et qui donc ont des implications éthiques et politiques en traduction. Cependant, ces hypothèses, qui émanent de développements récents en théorie de la littérature et de la culture (notamment en sociologie poststructuraliste et postmarxiste) en Europe, vont à rencontre des approches axées sur la linguistique qui dominent aujourd'hui la recherche et la formation en traduction, et qui ont tendance à concevoir le langage, la textualité et donc la traduction comme des moyens de communication relativement « neutres ». Dans cet article, je décris ma conception de la traduction, analyse comment cette conception a informé mes récents projets de traduction — en matière tant de choix des textes étrangers que de mise en oeuvre de stratégies discursives — et j'examine enfin en quoi elle diffère des approches axées sur la linguistique qui sont fondées sur la pragmatique et la linguistique du texte. Je n'insinue pas par là que ces approches doivent être abandonnées, mais qu'elles soient réenvisagées en fonction d'une orientation théorique et pratique différente — qui à son tour, devra se remettre elle-même en question

AN ANALYSIS OF DOMESTICATION AND FOREIGNIZATION OF CULTURAL WORDS TRANSLATION IN ANDREA HIRATA’S NOVEL ENTITLED “LASKAR PELANGI”

Saat ini strategi domestikasi dan foreignisasi sering kali menjadi isu dalam bidang penerjemahan, dan kedua istilah ini pertama kali diperkenalkan oleh Lawrence Venuti (1995). Domestikasi adalah strategi penerjemahan yang membuat teks lebih dekat dengan pembaca dari bahasa target, sedangkan foreignisasi adalah strategi penerjemahan yang menjaga nuansa asing dari teks. Judul dari penelitian ini adalah Analisis Domestikasi dan Foreignisasi pada Terjemahan Istilah Budaya dalam Novel Andrea Hirata “Laskar Pelangi”. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi istilah budaya dalam sebuah novel dengan menggunakan teori Tomalin & Stempleski (1993). Selanjutnya, penelitian ini menganalisis strategi penerjemahan yang paling sering digunakan dalam menerjemahkan istilah budaya tersebut. Agar pertanyaan penelitian dapat dijawab dengan baik dan benar, penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pertama, products (56%) merupakan kategorisasi istilah budaya yang paling sering ditemukan dalam novel tersebut, sedangkan behaviors hanya 26% dan ideas hanya 18%. Istilah budaya makanan merupakan kategorisasi products yang paling banyak ditemukan. Namun, makanan merupakan istilah budaya yang paling sering dihapus dalam versi novel berbahasa Inggris. Kedua, domestikasi merupakan strategi penerjemahan yang paling sering digunakan oleh penerjemah. Penerjemah lebih sering menerapkan strategi domestikasi karena strategi ini berorientasi kepada budaya bahasa target sehingga mungkin tepat untuk menerjemahkan istilah budaya. Dengan menerapkan strategi domestikasi, strategi ini dapat mengurangi keganjilan teks asing bagi pembaca dari bahasa target, juga dapat membuat komunikasi antar-budaya yang efektif dengan pembaca dari bahasa target. Namun, hasil dari penelitian ini justru berbanding dengan tujuan Venuti menciptakan strategi foreignisasi. Venuti memperkenalkan foreignisasi karena ia ingin memperkenalkan budaya minoritas kepada budaya dominan. Dalam penelitian ini, Bahasa Indonesia merupakan bahasa utama, sedangkan Bahasa Inggris merupakan bahasa target. Bahasa Indonesia sendiri merupakan budaya minoritas, sedangkan Bahasa Inggris merupakan bahasa dominan. Dalam hal ini, penerjemah dapat memperkenalkan budaya Bahasa Indonesia terhadap pembaca dari bahasa target, sehingga Bahasa Indonesia yang merupakan budaya minoritas dapat dikenal oleh pembaca dari bahasa target. Namun, penerjemah tampak tidak mempertahankan istilah budaya tersebut dan membuat dirinya menjadi ‘tidak terlihat’. Kata Kunci: Domestikasi-Foreignisasi, Istilah Budaya, novel Laskar Pelangi, Lawrence Venuti (1995), Tomalin & Stempleski (1993). Domestication and foreignization strategies nowadays become an issue in the field of translating, and these notions are introduced by Lawrence Venuti (1995). Abstract: Domestication is a translation strategy that makes the text close and familiar to the target readers, while foreignization is a translation strategy that preserves the foreign nuances of the text. This present study is entitled An Analysis of Domestication and Foreignization of Cultural Words Translation in Andrea Hiratas’s Novel Entitled “Laskar Pelangi”. This study aims to identify the cultural words in the novel using Tomalin & Stempleski’s (1993) theory. Furthermore, this study analyzes translation strategy that was used frequently in translating those cultural words. This study used qualitative and quantitative method in order to answer the research questions. The findings show that first, products (56%) is the categorization of cultural words that was frequently appeared in the novel. While behaviors is only 26% and ideas is 18%. Food is the categorization of products that was found the most. However, food is the cultural word that was mostly omitted in the English version of the novel. Second, it was discovered that domestication is the translation strategy which was often used by the translator. The translator applied domestication strategy frequently because it is probably the most suitable strategy in translating cultural words, because it is target-language-culture oriented. By applying domestication frequently, it could minimize the strangeness of the foreign text for the target readers as well as make an effective intercultural communication with the target readers. However, the result of this study is in contrast with the reason why Venuti invented foreignization strategy. Venuti (1995) introduced foreignization because he wanted to introduce minority culture into dominant or mainstream culture. In this study, the source of the text is in Bahasa Indonesia, and the target language is English. Bahasa Indonesia is minority culture, while English is dominant. In this case, actually the translator can ‘introduce’ the culture of Bahasa Indonesia to the target readers, thus Bahasa Indonesia as the minority culture can be recognized by the target readers. However, the translator does not seem to preserve or foreignize those cultural words and makes him/herself being invisible. Keywords: Domestication-Foreignization, Cultural Words, Laskar Pelangi novel, Lawrence Venuti (1995), Tomalin & Stempleski (1993

Book Reviews

After Theory: Postmodernism/Postmarxism (Thomas Docherty) (Reviewed by Lawrence Venuti, Temple University)Secret Rites and Secret Writing: Royalist Literature, 1641-1660 (Lois Potter) (Reviewed by Cedric C. Brown, University of Reading, England)No Respect: Intellectuals & Popular Culture (Andrew Ross) (Reviewed by Jerry Herron, Wayne State University)The Many Lives of the Batman: Critical Approaches to a Superhero and His Media (Roberta E. Pearson and William Uricchio) (Reviewed by David MacGregor, Wayne State University

Denys Johnson-Davies : figure de la traduction de la littérature arabe

Dans mon article, je présente le travail de Denys Johnson-Davies, le traducteur « par excellence » de la littérature arabe, et démontre comment sa production non seulement reflète des aspects et des problèmes de la traduction de la littérature arabe en langues occidentales, mais présente aussi une perspective intéressante sur la nature de la traduction ainsi que sur ses enjeux linguistiques et interculturels. Afin d’expliquer sa technique de traduction, je prends en considération les affinités de sa méthode avec la théorie d’Antoine Berman et celle de Lawrence Venuti. L’expérience de Johnson-Davies est une preuve vivante des avantages et des inconvénients du « travail sur la lettre ». Elle complexifie davantage le débat sur la visée éthique de la traduction.In my article, I consider the work of Canadian-born Denys Johnson-Davies, the translator “par excellence” of Arabic literature into English, and explain how his production not only reflects aspects and problems of this translation, but also presents an interesting perspective on translation, as well as its linguistic and intercultural issues. In order to explain his translation technique, I consider the affinities of his method with the theories of Antoine Berman and Lawrence Venuti. Johnson-Davies’ experience is living proof that the “travail sur la lettre” (attending to the letter of the source text) has advantages as well as drawbacks. It confers more complexity to the debate on translation ethics

Traducción y posmodernidad: una relación necesaria

En el presente artículo se analiza y se estudia la "invisibilidad del traductor según los postulados de Barbara Godard y Lawrence Venuti, y para ello nos servimos de las teorías textuales de Roland Barthes, Michael Foucault y Jacques Derrida. A lo largo del proceo traductológico vemos cómo la textualidad tradicional pasa a considerarse una intertextualidad, para finalmente convertirse en hipertextualidad computacional. De acuerdo con este procedimiento, la "invisibilidad" del traductor deja de tener vigencia, en cuanto que el texto en sí mismo ya ofrece una invisibilidad plural.This paper analyzes and studies the translator's "invisibility" according to Lawrence Venuti and Barbara Godard's principles; for that, we use the textual theories carried out by Roland Barthes, Michel Foucault and Jacques Derrida. Throughout the translation process, we show how the traditional textuality becomes intertextuality and this finally turns into a computational hypertextuality. According to this process, the translator's concept is not valid any more, inasmuch the text itself is already considered as an invisible plural ite