The function of labour market mobility to regional economic growth generally and by new service economy and labour force nationality especially

Efficient matching of local demand and supply of labour at different qualification levels is considered to be an important prerequisite for economic growth in every region. The expectation is that higher mobility of the labour force should increase the general level of employment, e.g. due to a relatively high gross demand of labour and the problems of matching-time to fill in the vacancies. Moreover, increased total labour mobility is thus seen as one tool for reaching the goals of the labour market policy, employing as large as possible part of the labour force into ordinary employment. Use of annual gross-flow labour market statistics may be very relevant in such analyses, allowing multidimensional analysis of labour market mobility, i.e. in geographical terms as well as between sectors and according to the qualifications of the labour force. Among the sectors, knowledge intensive business services (KIBS) are often seen as an important characteristic of the new, more knowledge based economy. Efficient sharing and transferring of knowledge is central, and KIBS play an important role in the learning and transaction processes. It is thus of importance to analyse KIBS’ role as a regional competitive base, e.g. by studying the competitiveness of cities and regions in terms of growth of employment, and particularly focus on the mobility of the individuals that enter and leave the KIBS sectors. Labour mobility in this growing sector may also act as a prerequisite for what may be expected to form the future labour mobility structures of the society, and is thus of particular importance for both the labour market and regional policy perspectives. Increased international migration as a result of increased internationalisation gives rise to a more internationally mixed labour force within countries. On the other hand, national labour market policy attempt to use actively immigration as a tool for solving parts of the domestic labour market problems, e.g. shortage of supply of certain kinds of labour in more remote regions. It is thus of particular importance to analyse the function of both initial and succeeding labour mobility among different immigrant groups and how their labour mobility function in relation to the mobility of the employed national majority. The main purpose of this paper is to present some analyses of the regional labour mobility in terms of growth of employment focusing on the number and quality of the persons that enter and leave the local labour markets. Besides some descriptive analyses, we test the hypothesis if the regional growth of employment is positively or negatively correlated to the level of different segments of gross mobility to and from jobs generally, and more particularly for employment in knowledge intensive service industries and for the employment broken down by different groups of nationality.

Youths on labour market.Features. Particularities. Pro-mobility factors for graduates. Elements of a balanced policy for labour migration

The youths’ labour market, and especially insertion employment has a series of particularities defined by aspects such as: flexibility, efficient employment, interest for career but also informal employment, external mobility, including brain drain, segmentation, employment precariousness, income disadvantages, etc. Therefore, also the labour market policy and particularly managing labour mobility especially through the economic and social effects that might be triggered on the local labour market in the origin country, presents a special importance under the conditions of the economic turnaround stage, by promoting new and sustainable jobs, based on knowledge and competences. In the present paper an analysis is made about the youths’ labour market features, and the outcomes of an empirical analysis about graduates’ migration propensity are presented. Suggestions are made for developing a balanced policy for youths’ labour mobility to the benefit of the country of origin.youth employment, labour force mobility, labour migration/mobility management

Taxing Human Capital Efficiently when Qualified Labour is Mobile

The paper studies the effect that skilled labour mobility has on efficient education policy. The model is one of two periods in which a representative taxpayer decides on labour, education, and saving. The government can only use linear tax and subsidy instruments. It is shown that the mobility of skilled labour well constrains government’s choice of policy instruments. The mobility does not however affect second best education policy in allocational terms. In particular, education should be effectively subsidized if, and only if, the elasticity of the earnings function is increasing in education. This rule applies regardless of whether labour is mobile or immobile.mobile labour, second-best efficient taxation, linear instruments, residence vs. source principle

Who Can Work Where: Reducing Barriers to Labour Mobility in Canada

Barriers to labour mobility in Canada remain a problem, even though Canadian governments have taken steps to reduce them. In the study, the author says Canada’s regulated professions and skilled trades, which represent about 11 percent of the workforce, face barriers to mobility that have negative implications for the country’s productivity, labour supply and future economic prospects. Like the rest of the world, Canada will face a labour crunch in the next 10 years. Unless Canada ensures that its professionals and skilled workers can work anywhere in the country, it could limit the ability to attract the people the economy needs.Economic Growth and Innovation, labour mobility, Agreement on Internal Trade (AIT), Labour Mobility Chapter

Working Profiles and Employment Regimes in European Panel Perspective

Using longitudinal information on labour market participation we analyse the dynamics of unemployment in Europe. We focus in particular on individuals with a poor attachment to the labour market. The countries under scrutiny are clustered into four ideal-typical welfare regimes. Overall, a remarkable stability with respect to permanent employment is observed. But on the other end, there also is a substantial mobility between secure en insecure jobs. Nevertheless, mobility from insecure employment to secure employment is found to be larger in liberal and social-democratic countries than in Southern Europe.Labour Market; social exclusion; labour market mobility; labour market dynamics; insecure employment; European Community Household Panel

Policy, Institutional Factors and Earnings Mobility

This paper uses ECHP and OECD data for 14 EU countries to explore the role of labour market factors in explaining cross-national differences in the dynamic structure of earnings: in permanent inequality, transitory inequality and earnings mobility. Based on ECHP, minimum distance estimator is used to decompose earnings inequality into the permanent and transitory components and compute earnings mobility. The predicted components together with the institutional OECD data are used in a non-linear least squares setting to estimate the relationship between permanent inequality, transitory inequality and earnings mobility, and labour market policy and institutional factors. The results revealed a highly complex framework, where institutions interact significantly not only with each other and with the overall institutional setting, but also with the macroeconomic shocks in shaping the pattern of the three labour market outcomes.Panel data, wage distribution, inequality, mobility, labour market institutions, labour market policies

Older Male Workers and Job Mobility in Australia

Extending the working life of older workers has been identified as an important policy goal in the context of an ageing society. However, existing research has highlighted the role of job separation and labour force discouragement for older worker labour force outcomes. In contrast, research of older worker job mobility is scant except that it has been established that older workers have lower job mobility rates than younger workers. This paper addresses this void through an analysis of ABS Labour Mobility Survey data. Findings have important implications for the Federal government's predominantly supply sided policy reforms aimed at older workers.Older male workers, job mobility, Australia

Labour mobility - an adjustment mechanism in Euroland? Empirical evidence for Western Germany, France and Italy

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate whether labour mobility is likely to act as a sufficient adjustment mechanism in the face of asymmetric shocks in Euroland. To this end, we estimate the elasticity of migration with respect to changes in unemployment and income on the basis of regional panel data provided by Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union. Regression results are provided for Western Germany, France, and Italy. It is shown that labour mobility is highest in Germany, followed by France, and Italy. However, even in Germany, the accommodation of a shock to unemployment by migration takes several years. We conclude that labour mobility is extremely unlikely to act as a sufficient adjustment mechanism to asymmetric shocks in Euroland. --European Monetary Union (EMU),euro,labour mobility

Sectorial structure, qualitative characteristics and guidelines of labour mobility in the European Union.

In the context of the process of construction of a single labour market in the Economic Union, one of the greatest problems is the existence of certain levels of structural unemployment. From this point of view, the imbalance between the qualification characteristics of work supply and demand as well as the determining factors of geographical mobility among jobs become a relevant explication factor. The aim of the paper will be to carry out a comparative analysis of some of the most important characteristics of employment in European countries. For this, how different employed population groups are distributed by sectors of activity and labour occupations will be analysed, how these structures have been modified over time, and the patterns of labour mobility that interconnect activities and occupations in the framework of labour mobility, in order to see whether these evolutions are leading to an assimilation of labour characteristics in the countries, or not. Keywords: labour mobility, employment, service sector, European Union. JEL-Code: J62, L80, F02

Cyclical dimensions of labour mobility after EU Enlargement

At a time of symmetric global slowdown, migration cannot contribute as much to absorbing economic shocks as it could if the shock were asymmetric. Early evidence suggests that the crisis has led to a drop in immigration and even net return migration from some countries. This has helped the adjustment of former EU15 host countries and has exacerbated adjustment in former source countries in the new member states. In the short run, the authors believe that the stock of new member-state migrants in the EU15 will fall owing to diminished job opportunities for migrants. In the longer run, the crisis is set to increase migration from the new member states compared to what would have been the case without the crisis.