Label Placement in Road Maps

A road map can be interpreted as a graph embedded in the plane, in which each vertex corresponds to a road junction and each edge to a particular road section. We consider the cartographic problem to place non-overlapping road labels along the edges so that as many road sections as possible are identified by their name, i.e., covered by a label. We show that this is NP-hard in general, but the problem can be solved in polynomial time if the road map is an embedded tree.Comment: extended version of a CIAC 2015 pape

A general cartographic labeling algorithm

Some apparently powerful algorithms for automatic label placement on maps use heuristics that capture considerable cartographic expertise but are hampered by provably inefficient methods of search and optimization. On the other hand, no approach to label placement that is based on an efficient optimization technique has been applied to the production of general cartographic maps - those with labeled point, line, and area features - and shown to generate labelings of acceptable quality. We present an algorithm for label placement that achieves the twin goals of practical efficiency and high labeling quality by combining simple cartographic heuristics with effective stochastic optimization techniques.Engineering and Applied Science

Investigating the effectiveness of an efficient label placement method using eye movement data

This paper focuses on improving the efficiency and effectiveness of dynamic and interactive maps in relation to the user. A label placement method with an improved algorithmic efficiency is presented. Since this algorithm has an influence on the actual placement of the name labels on the map, it is tested if this efficient algorithms also creates more effective maps: how well is the information processed by the user. We tested 30 participants while they were working on a dynamic and interactive map display. Their task was to locate geographical names on each of the presented maps. Their eye movements were registered together with the time at which a given label was found. The gathered data reveal no difference in the user's response times, neither in the number and the duration of the fixations between both map designs. The results of this study show that the efficiency of label placement algorithms can be improved without disturbing the user's cognitive map. Consequently, we created a more efficient map without affecting its effectiveness towards the user

On labeling in graph visualization

Cataloged from PDF version of article.When visualizing graphs, it is essential to communicate the meaning of each graph object via text or graphical labels. Automatic placement of labels in a graph is an NP-Hard problem, for which efficient heuristic solutions have been recently developed. In this paper, we describe a general framework for modeling, drawing, editing, and automatic placement of labels respecting user constraints. In addition, we present the interface and the basic engine of the Graph Editor Toolkit – a family of portable graph visualization libraries designed for integration into graphical user interface application programs. This toolkit produces a high quality automated placement of labels in a graph using our framework. A brief survey of automatic label placement algorithms is also presented. Finally we describe extensions to certain existing automatic label placement algorithms, allowing their integration into this visualization tool. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

ANALISIS PENGARUH HARGA, KUALITAS PRODUK, DAN PLACEMENT TERHADAP MINAT BELI KONSUMEN PADA PRODUK PRIVATE LABEL INDOMARET DI TEMBALANG

The study aims to discusthe private label products of indomaret. The focus of this study was to analyze whether price, quality, and Placement of products on consumer buying interest on private label products specifically for indomaret in Tembalang regional. Ths study uses correlational analysis based on field data acquisition. Data used in the study is the result of questionnaires distributed to people who ever shopped in indomaret Tembalang area. These results indicate that there are significant price, product quality, and placement on indomaret cunsomer buying interest in Tembalang. These effects have a small percentage is 19,4%. Which means there are other factors that affect cunsomer buying interest towards private label products of Indomaret in Tembalang