Strictification of etale stacky Lie groups

We define stacky Lie groups to be group objects in the 2-category of differentiable stacks. We show that every connected and etale stacky Lie group is equivalent to a crossed module of the form (H,G) where H is the fundamental group of the given stacky Lie group and G is the connected and simply connected Lie group integrating the Lie algebra of the stacky group. Our result is closely related to a strictification result of Baez and Lauda.Comment: 25 page

Resistivity network and structural model of the oxide cathode for CRT application

In this paper, the electrical properties of oxide cathode and oxide cathode plus, supplied by LG Philips Displays, have been investigated in relation to different cathode activation regimes and methods. Oxide cathode activation treatment for different durations has been investigated. The formations of the compounds associated to the diffusion of reducing elements (Mg, Al, and W) to the Ni cap surface of oxide cathode were studied by a new suggestion method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was used as analytical techniques. Al, W, and Mg doping elements take place during heating to 1080 K (Ni-Brightness) under a rich controlled Ba–SrO atmosphere through an acceleration life test. The chemical transport of these elements was occurred mainly by the Ni cap grain boundary mechanism with significant pile-up of Mg compounds. Al and W show a superficial concentrations and distribution. A new structural and resistivity network model of oxide cathode plus are suggested. The new structural model shows a number of metallic and metallic oxide pathways are exist at the interface or extended through the oxide coating. The effective values of the resistances and the type of the equivalent circuit in the resistivity network model are temperature and activation time dependent.</p

Economic fluctuations in Central and Eastern Europe - the facts

We carry out a detailed analysis of quarterly frequency dynamics in macroeconomic aggregates in twelve countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The facts we document include the variability and persistence in and the co-movement among output, and other major real and nominal variables. We find that consumption is highly volatile and government spending is procyclical. Gross fixed capital formation is highly volatile. Net exports are countercyclical. Imports are procyclical, much more than exports. Exports are most procyclical and persistent in open countries. Labor market variables are all highly volatile. Employment is lagging, and often procyclical. Real wages are dominantly procyclical. Productivity is dominantly procyclical and coincidental. Private credit is procyclical and dominantly lagging the cycle. The CPI is countercyclical, and is weakly leading or coincidental. The cyclicality of inflation is unclear, but its relative volatility is low. Net capital flows are mostly leading and procyclical and exhibit low persistence. Nominal interest rates are in general smooth and persistent. The nominal exchange rate is more persistent than the real one. Overall, we find that fluctuations in CEE countries are larger than in industrial countries, and are of similar size than in other emerging economies. This is particularly true about private consumption. The co-movement of variables, however, shows a large degree of similarity. A notable exception is government spending: unlike in industrial economies, it is rather procyclical in transition economies. The findings also indicate that Croatia and the accession group show broadly similar cyclical behavior to industrial countries. The most frequent country outliers are Bulgaria, Romania and Russia, especially in labor market, price and exchange rate variables. Excluding these countries from the sample makes many of the observed patterns in cyclical dynamics quite homogenous

Economic Fluctuations in Central and Eastern Europe - the Facts

We carry out a detailed analysis of quarterly frequency dynamics in macroeconomic aggregates in twelve countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The facts we document include the variability and persistence in and the co-movement among output, and other major real and nominal variables. We find that consumption is highly volatile and government spending is procyclical. Gross fixed capital formation is highly volatile. Net exports are countercyclical. Imports are procyclical, much more than exports. Exports are most procyclical and persistent in open countries. Labor market variables are all highly volatile. Employment is lagging, and often procyclical. Real wages are dominantly procyclical. Productivity is dominantly procyclical and coincidental. Private credit is procyclical and dominantly lagging the cycle. The CPI is countercyclical, and is weakly leading or coincidental. The cyclicality of inflation is unclear, but its relative volatility is low. Net capital flows are mostly leading and procyclical and exhibit low persistence. Nominal interest rates are in general smooth and persistent. The nominal exchange rate is more persistent than the real one. Overall, we find that fluctuations in CEE countries are larger than in industrial countries, and are of similar size than in other emerging economies. This is particularly true about private consumption. The co-movement of variables, however, shows a large degree of similarity. A notable exception is government spending: unlike in industrial economies, it is rather procyclical in transition economies. The findings also indicate that Croatia and the accession group show broadly similar cyclical behavior to industrial countries. The most frequent country outliers are Bulgaria, Romania and Russia, especially in labor market, price and exchange rate variables. Excluding these countries from the sample makes many of the observed patterns in cyclical dynamics quite homogenous.Business Cycle Facts, Central and Eastern Europe

A Survey of Kandelia obovata’s Leaf Herbivory by Insects across Latitudinal Gradient in Southeast China

生物地理理论指出，“低纬度虫害程度高于高纬度地区，而高纬度地区植株适口性要高于低纬度地区，低纬度地区强烈的取食压力会筛选出比高纬度地区有更高取食抗性的植株”。这一理论在陆地森林和滨海盐沼生态系统中都得到大量研究的验证，但很少有红树林虫害纬度格局的生物地理学方面的研究。 红树植物富含单宁，具有广谱抗菌和适口性差等特征，因此具有较强的抗病虫害的能力。而近年来，中国红树林虫害频繁爆发，潮间带虫害爆发的机制特殊而复杂，引起了国内外科学家的关注。基于中国东南沿海低纬度与高纬度地区之间红树植物遭受虫害的差异，我们推断不同纬度的虫害差异是由种源地环境和植物特性共同决定。本研究以中国东南沿海红树林分布区为研...Biogeography theory pointed out that "The herbivory degree in the low latitudes is higher than the high latitudes, but the palatability of plants in high latitudes is better than the low latitudes, the strong feeding pressure in the low latitudes would select out plants with higher resistance to insects compared with the high latitudes". This theory has been tested in the terrestrial forest and co...学位：理学硕士院系专业：环境与生态学院_生态学学号：3332013115169

Prototype solar heating and combined heating and cooling systems

Designs were completed, hardware was received, and hardware was shipped to two sites. A change was made in the heat pump working fluid. Problem investigation of shroud coatings for the collector received emphasis

Competence, specification and induction of Pax-3 in the trigeminal placode

Placodes are discrete regions of thickened ectoderm that contribute extensively to the peripheral nervous system in the vertebrate head. The paired-domain transcription factor Pax-3 is an early molecular marker for the avian ophthalmic trigeminal (opV) placode, which forms sensory neurons in the ophthalmic lobe of the trigeminal ganglion. Here, we use collagen gel cultures and heterotopic quail-chick grafts to examine the competence, specification and induction of Pax-3 in the opV placode. At the 3-somite stage, the whole head ectoderm rostral to the first somite is competent to express Pax-3 when grafted to the opV placode region, though competence is rapidly lost thereafter in otic-level ectoderm. Pax-3 specification in presumptive opV placode ectoderm occurs by the 8-somite stage, concomitant with robust Pax-3 expression. From the 8-somite stage onwards, significant numbers of cells are committed to express Pax-3. The entire length of the neural tube has the ability to induce Pax-3 expression in competent head ectoderm and the inductive interaction is direct. We propose a detailed model for Pax-3 induction in the opV placode

Classes empiétantes dans un graphe et application aux interactions entre protéines

URL des Cahiers : https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/CAHIERS-MSECahiers de la MSE 2005.32 - Série Bleue - ISSN : 1624-0340In this paper, we study a method of classification by density in an unweighted graph. We search some areas with a high density of edges, that can be overlapping (we don't try to obtain a partition but some intrinsic classes). The method consists of two steps; first we determine the cores of the classes by means of a local density function and then we extend these cores by their neighbourhoods following a criterion on the density of the classes. Finally, the method is applied on a protein-protein interaction network, with the aim of predicting unknown cellular functions of some proteins.Dans cet article, on étudie une méthode de classification reposant sur une recherche de zones denses en arêtes dans un graphe non pondéré. On ne cherche pas à faire un partitionnement mais à extraire des classes intrinsèques aux données, qui pourront donc être empiétantes. La méthode proposée est ensuite appliquée à un graphe d'interactions entre protéines, les classes mises en évidence pouvant permettre aux biologistes de prédire les fonctions cellulaires de certaines protéines