1,540 research outputs found

    Organisational culture and public diplomacy in the digital sphere: The case of South Korea

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    Digital diplomacy is the latest technological advance to push change in diplomatic practice. It relates to the application of digital technologies, including information and communication technologies, software engineering and big data, and artificial intelligence, to the practice of diplomacy. Positioned in the top ranks of connectivity, internet speed, smartphone ownership, and social media usage, South Korea should be a leader in the use of digital technologies in diplomatic practice. However, South Korea is not a leader; indeed, it has been left behind. I explore digital diplomacy as a โ€œdisruptive technologyโ€ and look at criteria for organizational adaptation. I then use these criteria to assess South Korea's adaptation and draw from these the specific policy challenges facing South Korea. To conclude, I propose four core criteria to aid digital diplomacy adaptation in South Korea and other similar states

    A Study on the Industrial Revolution of the New Century

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ตญ์ œ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๊ตญ์ œํ•™๊ณผ(๊ตญ์ œ์ง€์—ญํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2021. 2. ํ•œ์ •ํ›ˆ.North Korea has expended considerable effort in pursuing its goal of the Industrial Revolution of the New Century (IRNC), which is known as North Koreas latest science and technology (S&T) innovation at the same time economic development strategy. Despite its dire economic conditions, exacerbated by the recent sanctions, the country has expended considerable amounts of resources and efforts in pursuing its goal of leapfrogging through the IRNC. However, existing biases and high standards of S&T evaluation towards this lower-middle-income (LMI) state led its S&T to be considered as rather obsolete. Is North Koreas S&T too obsolete to be used as a means for economic development? This thesis explores the transition and development of North Koreas S&T policy and its capability from Kim Jong-ils S&T-oriented policy to Kim Jong-uns IRNC. It aims to explain the characteristics of the IRNC compared to the previous regimes S&T policy and how certain changes have resulted in North Koreas current S&T development. Thereby, the paper argues that the current regimes S&T policy via the IRNC has allowed the acceleration of innovation development lacked in the previous regime. It also argues that North Koreas S&T innovations since Kim Jong-uns regime do not fall behind those of other countries at similar stages of their industrial development. The current governments innovations clearly show that this time, North Korea has the potential to leapfrog. Yet, it also notes that the current regimes persistent pursuit of nuclear weapons and isolation from the international scene will limit its potential to achieve further economic growth as a socialist economic powerhouse.๋ถํ•œ์€ ๋„“๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ถํ•œ์‹ 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์ด๋ผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ์„ธ๊ธฐ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์„ ์ฆ์ง„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒˆ์„ธ๊ธฐ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์€ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ง„๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ์ง€์†๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ œ์ œ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ž๊ธˆ๋‚œ์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๋ถํ•œ์€ ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ„ ์ „๋žต์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ ๋ชป์ง€์•Š์€ ์—ด์ •์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ์ง€์›์„ ์•„๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ์ด ์€๋‘” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ์ž…๊ฒฌ๊ณผ ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ˜์‹  ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ˜์‹ ์ด ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚™ํ›„๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ์—ฐ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋‚™ํ›„๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฐœ์ „ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๋งŒํผ ํ˜•ํŽธ์—†๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊น€์ •์ผ ์ •๊ถŒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊น€์ •์€ ์ •๊ถŒ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ˜์‹  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒˆ์„ธ๊ธฐ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ํ˜„ ์ •๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ˜์‹ ์ด ์ด์ „ ์ •๊ถŒ์—์„œ ๋ฏธ์•ฝํ–ˆ๋˜ ํ˜์‹  ์ฐฝ์ถœ์„ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋ถํ•œ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์šฐ์œ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜น์€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์‚ฐ์—…๋ฐœ์ „๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๋’ค์ณ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์„ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ƒˆ์„ธ๊ธฐ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช… ์ „๋žต์ด ๋ถํ•œ ๋‹จ๋ฒˆ๋„์•ฝ์˜ ์—ด์‡ ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜„ ์ •๊ถŒ์˜ ์ง€์†๋˜๋Š” ํ•ต ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์˜์ง€์™€ ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ตญ์ œ์  ๋ด‰์‡„๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ƒˆ์„ธ๊ธฐ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์˜ ์ตœ์ข… ๋ชฉํ‘œ์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ•๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต ์ „๋ง์€ ํšŒ์˜์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ถํ•œ์ด ๋น„ํ•ตํ™”๋ฅผ ์„ ์–ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐœํ˜๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฟˆ๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ•๊ตญ์„ ์ด๋ฃฐ์ง€, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ฒฝ์ œ ํšŒ๋ณต๊ณผ ์ค‘์ €์†Œ๋“๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€๋Š” ๊น€์ •์€์˜ ์„ ํƒ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ๋‹ค.โ… . Introduction 1 โ…ก. Literature Review 6 1. North Koreas Current Economic Status 6 2. Inter-Korean S&T Cooperation Optimists and North Korean S&T Skeptic 10 3. Analytical Framework 14 โ…ข. Transition of S&T Policy Under Two Regimes 22 1. S&T Policy by Kim Jong-il 22 1-1. Policy background 23 1-2. S&T in reality: a tool for economic recovery 25 1-3. Seeking comparative advantage via IT industry 30 2. S&T Policy by Kim Jong-un 35 2-1. Policy background 35 2-2. S&T via the IRNC: objective for building socialist economic powerhouse and knowledge economy 38 2-3. Seeking comparative advantage via High Technology 42 2-4. Acceleration of innovation building: financial support and maximizing welfares in S&T 48 โ…ฃ. Innovation Outputs via the IRNC 54 1. Registration of International Academic Journals Related to S&T 55 1-1. Quantitative competitiveness of S&T journal publication 55 1-2. Journals by categories 59 1-3. Contribution of North Koreas journals to S&T academia 63 2. Patent Registrations 69 2-1. Quantitative competitiveness of patent 72 2-2. Patents by categories 78 โ…ค. Conclusion 83 Bibliography 88Maste

    Broadband Korea

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    ๋…ธํŠธ : This report was prepared by Tim Kelly, Vanessa Gray and Michael Minges. It is based on research carried out from 23 to 30 May 2002 as well as articles and reports noted in the document. The assistance of the Ministry of Information and Communication, particularly Sang-Hak Lee, was indispensable and highly appreciated. The assistance of colleagues within ITU is also noted particularly Nathalie Delmas, who formatted the report and created the cover. Both Jin-Kyu Jeong and Chinyong Chong provided detailed comments. The report would not have been possible without the cooperation of the many Korean organizations who offered their time to the reportรญs authors. The report is one of a series examining the Internet in developing nations. Additional information is available on ITUรญs Internet Case Study web page at http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/cs/. (The rest omitted

    OECD economic surveys

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    Continual Growth, Inhibitors, and Implications of Information Communication Technology in South Korea from a North American Perspective

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    Despite their late development into the information communication technology (ICT) market, several countries in continental Asia have emerged as technological and industrial leaders in the world. With its information communication technology (ICT) initiatives and policies, South Korea has emerged from its chaotic history as one of Asia\u27s most advanced ICT economies. It could be argued that South Korea has made the same technological progress in 30 years that took the United States to do in over 100. However, rapid growth cannot be achieved without difficulties along the way. The current research presents the ICT growth of South Korea along with factors inhibiting future growth. While South Korea has advanced through government initiatives and diligence among a hard-working society, new initiatives, including the Blue Ocean strategy must be established in order to sustain its competitive advantage. A review of inhibitors limiting continued growth is presented with recommendations for overcoming these limitations

    A Case Study of the Relationship between the States Foreign Aid Policy and International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOs)

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ–‰์ •๋Œ€ํ•™์› ํ–‰์ •ํ•™๊ณผ(ํ–‰์ •ํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2023. 2. Jorg Michael Dostal.The discussion of state and civil society relationships in development assistance is theoretically challenging for academic consensus. In contributing insight to ongoing theoretical discussion, the case study is conducted in a recipient country, Cambodia, by analyzing South Korea's development assistance concerning the relationship between the state's foreign aid policy and international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) during the Moon Jae-in administration. The paper identifies the institutionalization process of the relationship using a top-down analysis and triangulation method and the strength of performance in the past five year, 2017-2022. It is an attempt to explain how the Koreas government approach toward Korean INGOs in Cambodia. If so, to what extent. The data sources are OECDs publication on civil society approach for DAC members, Koreas government legal framework, policy, and institutions in regard to international development cooperation and the role of NGOs under the Framework Act, ODA White Papers, Mid-term Strategy, Country Partnership Strategy, annual reports and Cambodias government database on Korean NGOs. The study found that the relationship between the Korean government and Korean INGOs in development assistance is encouraged to foster stronger relations due to a growing expectation as a DAC member of OECD. Generally, in Cambodia's case, the Korean government has optimized ODA through a funding incentive for NGOs based on the state's strategic priorities. At the same time, this implies that NGOs are not empowered to operate within their sphere of social service delivery but are attracted to fulfilling states' interests and politics of development aid; thus, many of Korean NGOs in Cambodia remains self-sustained. State and civil society can arguably be a power (technical and financial) struggle because the support of the state toward NGOs has centred around state-led agenda rather than an essence of promoting civil society abroad. So, future research needs to evaluate and recommend policies on this complex relationship.๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์›์กฐ์—์„œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์™€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•™๊ณ„์˜ ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ์ง„ํ–‰์ค‘์ธ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ†ต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์›๊ตญ์ธ ์บ„๋ณด๋””์•„์—์„œ ๋ฌธ์žฌ์ธ ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ํ•ด์™ธ ์›์กฐ ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ๊ตญ์ œ๋น„์ •๋ถ€๊ธฐ๊ตฌ(INGOs)์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์›์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜ํ–ฅ์  ๊ด€์ ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๊ฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์ œ๋„ํ™” ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ์ง€๋‚œ 2017-2022๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์บ„๋ณด๋””์•„ ๋‚ด ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ INGO์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์‹œ๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.์ž๋ฃŒ ์ถœ์ฒ˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๋ฐ NGO์˜ ์—ญํ• ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์— ๊ด€ํ•œ OECD์˜ ์ถœํŒ๋ฌผ, ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๋ฒ•์  ํ‹€, ์ •์ฑ… ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๊ด€, ODA ๋ฐฑ์„œ, ์ค‘๊ธฐ ์ „๋žต, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์‹ญ ์ „๋žต, ์—ฐ๋ก€ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ NGO์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์บ„๋ณด๋””์•„ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์›์กฐ์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ํ•œ๊ตญ INGO์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” OECD์˜ DAC ํšŒ์›๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œก์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์žฅ๋ ค๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์บ„๋ณด๋””์•„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ „๋žต์  ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ NGO์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๊ธˆ์ง€์› ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ODA๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์‹œ์— ์ด๋Š” NGO๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ œ๊ณต ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ํ™œ๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ถŒํ•œ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ด์ต๊ณผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์›์กฐ ์ •์น˜๋ฅผ ์ดํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋งค๋ ฅ์„ ๋Š๊ปด ์บ„๋ณด๋””์•„ ๋‚ด ํ•œ๊ตญ NGO์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์ž์ƒ๋ ฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋น„์ •๋ถ€๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ง€์›์ด ์‹œ๋ฏผ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์™ธ๋กœ ํ™๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณธ์งˆ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋„ ์˜์ œ์— ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์™€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ‹€๋ฆผ์—†์ด ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ(๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ , ์žฌ์ •์ ) ํˆฌ์Ÿ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ถŒ๊ณ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1. Study Background 1 1.1. South Korea as an emergence donor through state and non-governmental organizations. 1 1.2. Korea's State ODA and INGOs in Cambodia 3 2. Purpose of Research 5 Chapter 2: Literature Review and Methodology 6 1. Literature Review 7 1.1. Theoretical Framework: From Liberal to Gramscian 7 1.2. Development of Relationship between Korea's State and NGOs 9 1.2.1 Factors of Development 9 1.2.2 Relationship between South Korea's State and NGOs 11 1.3. Development of Relationship between Korea's ODA and NGOs 13 1.4. Empirical and Statistical Analysis on Relationship between Korea's ODA and INGOs 15 2. Research Methodology 17 2.1. Research Design 17 2.2. Data Collection and Analysis 19 2.3. Limitation 21 Chapter 3: Discussion and Analysis 22 1. Conceptual Framework 22 1.1. Defining Relationship through Institutional Framework 22 1.2. Implementation Framework 23 2. Discussion 23 2.1. South Korea's ODA policy toward NGOs under OECD 23 2.1.1. OECD Policy Formulation Discourse 23 2.1.2. Korea's Civil Society Policy in a Catch up with OECD 30 2.2. Korea's Aid to and through CSOs 36 Chapter 4: Conclusion 51 Bibliography 55 Appendix 64 Abstract in Korea 73์„

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