Constellation Actor in the Development of Regional Freight Transportation Infrastructure to Support Export Activities in Tanjung Perak Port of Surabaya

The provision of freight infrastructure linking the hinterland to the port requires agreement between actors. However, in reality there is a policy conflict in the development of a regional freight infrastructure, such as in the case of the Aloha Perak Toll Road construction in Surabaya. This study aims to discuss actor relationship in the freight transport infrastructure development strategy to support export activities in Tanjung Perak Port of Surabaya, using Dynamic Actor Network Analysis. It is found that there is an action conflict in achieving smooth flow of goods coming from the hinterland to the port, particularly between the city of Surabaya Planning Board and the East Java Province Planning Board. The conflict can be minimized by the existence of jujitsu negotiation and BATNA, because the Surabaya City Government, as the owner of the land, has greater power than the Provincial Government

Participation Motivation in Martial Artists in the West Midlands Region of England

The objectives were to identify the participation motivations and the perceived importance of certain participation factors in martial artists in the West Midlands, England, UK. A 28-item adapted version of the Participation Motivation Questionnaire with additional demographic questions was distributed to 30 martial arts clubs in the West Midlands region. Eight questions that assessed the perceived importance for participation of progression through grades, learning self defence skills, technical ability of instructors, cost of participating, development of confidence, underpinning philosophy and instructional style were included. Seventy-five questionnaires were returned from a total of 11 clubs from across representing practitioners in Tai Chi, Karate, Kung fu, Aikido, Jeet Kune Do, British Free Fighting, Taekwon-Do and Jujitsu. Results indicated that the rank order in terms of participation motives was: 1- Affiliation; 2-Friendship; 3-Fitness; 4-Reward/status; 5-Competition; 6-Situational and 7-Skill development. Participants who trained for more than 4 hours per week placed greater importance on the underpinning philosophy of the martial art. Findings suggest that whilst there is a gender discrepancy in participation level, once engaged, females were equally committed to weekly training. The ‘style’ of the instructor is of paramount importance for enhancing student motivation to participate. High volume practitioners would appear to be fully immersed in the holistic appreciation of the martial art through increased value placed on its underpinning philosophy

More open than open innovation? Rethinking the concept of openness in innovation studies.

This paper re-examines the concept of open innovation developed in organization sciences (Chesbrough, 2003a). We claim that this paradigm, which insists on the distributive nature of innovation among a wide range of heterogeneous actors, does not put enough emphasis on the condition of access to knowledge. Yet, the open dimension of knowledge is a very important feature to sustain a collective mode of innovation. We propose therefore a stronger definition of open innovation, which is based on three constitutive characteristics: (i) Firms voluntarily release knowledge; (ii) Knowledge is open, i.e. is available to all interested parties without discrimination; (iii) dynamic interactions take place among the stakeholders to enrich the open knowledge base. Examples that fit our definition of open innovation are open science, user centered innovation (von Hippel, 2005), free-libre open source software, collective invention (Allen, 1983), etc. We conclude with a discussion on the role of IPR to secure open innovation.open source, free software, intellectual property rights (IPR), open innovation, collective invention.

Research Tool Patents and Free-Libre Biotechnology: A Unified Perspective.

This paper proposes a unified conceptual framework to analyse the multiple role and consequences of patents in the case of biotechnology research tools. We argue that the knowledge/information and independent/complementary nature of research tools define heterogeneous frameworks in which the patent system plays different roles. In particular, using the analogy with the free-libre open source movement in software, we show that patents can promote open innovation by ensuring the freedom of some pieces of knowledge. A strong conclusion of the paper is therefore that, against common belief, an adequate use of the patent system may contribute to preserving freedom of access to upstream research tools within a framework that we call free-libre biotechnology.Intellectual property rights, sequential innovation, open source, life science, collective invention.

Rancang Bangun Sistem Pengambilan Keputusan dalam Menentukan Atlet Jujitsu Mengikuti Kejurnas Menggunakan Metode Simple Additive Weighting

Dengan berkembangnya Jujitsu di Indonesia semakin pesat dibutuhkan atlet berkualifikasi yang mampumengangkat nama Indonesia di dunia Internasional. Namun, tidak semua atlet dapat berpartisipasi dalamkompetisi nasional dan Internasional, hanya yang terbaik yang dapat berpartisipasi melalui Training Center(TC). Dalam sistem seleksi ini, PBJSI menemukan kesulitan untuk mendapatkan atlet terbaik yang akandikirim ke permainan berdasarkan objektivitas Tanpa mencari subjektivitas. Untuk menentukan atletbergabung kejurnas, diperlukan sistem pendukung keputusan yaitu dengan menggunakan metode SimpleAdditive Weighting (SAW). Jadi setelah proses pemilihan atlet Jujitsu dengan metode ini akan mendapatkanhasil peringkat yang akan menentukan atlet mana dari masing-masing kelas akan mewakili Banten untukmengikuti Kejuaraan Nasional

The Sport Consumption in Portugal: Very First Gross Results

The main objective of the present paper is to present a survey designed to describe and to explain the extension and the structure of the demand of sport merchandise and sport services in Portugal. The Portuguese population is questioned for the first time directly on their sport expenditures. The presented survey contributes with representative and quantitative scientific data to understand the economy of sport. The results of this survey will help decision-making in Science, Politics, Economy and Sport.

Cage fighting has become even more dangerous thanks to extreme dieting

When it comes to an athlete’s weight, a few grams can make a vital difference to their chances of winning. In some sports, an athlete’s body mass puts them within a strictly defined weight classification. In combat sports such as boxing and mixed martial arts (MMA), this is done to match participants to equal competitors in terms of size, strength and agility and make sure winning comes down to skill (as much as is possible