2 research outputs found
Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Quadratic Optimization
The localization problem in a wireless sensor network is to determine the
coordination of sensor nodes using the known positions of some nodes (called
anchors) and corresponding noisy distance measurements. There is a variety of
different approaches to solve this problem such as semi-definite programming
(SDP) based, sum of squares and second order cone programming, and between
them, SDP-based approaches have shown good performance. In recent years, the
primary SDP approach has been investigated and a variety of approaches are
proposed in order to enhance its performance. In SDP approaches, errors in
approximating the given distances are minimized as an objective function. It is
desirable that the distribution of error in these problems would be a delta
distribution, which is practically impossible. Therefore, we may approximate
delta distribution by Gaussian distribution with very small variance. In this
paper, we define a new objective function which makes the error distribution as
similar as possible to a Gaussian distribution with a very small variance.
Simulation results show that our proposed method has higher accuracy compared
to the traditional SDP approach and other prevalent objective functions which
are used such as least squares. Our method is also faster than other popular
approaches which try to improve the accuracy of the primary SDP approach.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figure
A State-of-the-Art Survey on Multidimensional Scaling Based Localization Techniques
Current and future wireless applications strongly rely on precise real-time
localization. A number of applications such as smart cities, Internet of Things
(IoT), medical services, automotive industry, underwater exploration, public
safety, and military systems require reliable and accurate localization
techniques. Generally, the most popular localization/ positioning system is the
Global Positioning System (GPS). GPS works well for outdoor environments but
fails in indoor and harsh environments. Therefore, a number of other wireless
local localization techniques are developed based on terrestrial wireless
networks, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and wireless local area networks
(WLANs). Also, there exist localization techniques which fuse two or more
technologies to find out the location of the user, also called signal of
opportunity based localization. Most of the localization techniques require
ranging measurements such as time of arrival (ToA), time difference of arrival
(TDoA), direction of arrival (DoA) and received signal strength (RSS). There
are also range-free localization techniques which consider the proximity
information and do not require the actual ranging measurements. Dimensionality
reduction techniques are famous among the range free localization schemes.
Multidimensional scaling (MDS) is one of the dimensionality reduction technique
which has been used extensively in the recent past for wireless networks
localization. In this paper, a comprehensive survey is presented for MDS and
MDS based localization techniques in WSNs, Internet of Things (IoT), cognitive
radio networks, and 5G networks.Comment: Accepted in IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorial