Multilayer Network of Language: a Unified Framework for Structural Analysis of Linguistic Subsystems

Recently, the focus of complex networks research has shifted from the analysis of isolated properties of a system toward a more realistic modeling of multiple phenomena - multilayer networks. Motivated by the prosperity of multilayer approach in social, transport or trade systems, we propose the introduction of multilayer networks for language. The multilayer network of language is a unified framework for modeling linguistic subsystems and their structural properties enabling the exploration of their mutual interactions. Various aspects of natural language systems can be represented as complex networks, whose vertices depict linguistic units, while links model their relations. The multilayer network of language is defined by three aspects: the network construction principle, the linguistic subsystem and the language of interest. More precisely, we construct a word-level (syntax, co-occurrence and its shuffled counterpart) and a subword level (syllables and graphemes) network layers, from five variations of original text (in the modeled language). The obtained results suggest that there are substantial differences between the networks structures of different language subsystems, which are hidden during the exploration of an isolated layer. The word-level layers share structural properties regardless of the language (e.g. Croatian or English), while the syllabic subword level expresses more language dependent structural properties. The preserved weighted overlap quantifies the similarity of word-level layers in weighted and directed networks. Moreover, the analysis of motifs reveals a close topological structure of the syntactic and syllabic layers for both languages. The findings corroborate that the multilayer network framework is a powerful, consistent and systematic approach to model several linguistic subsystems simultaneously and hence to provide a more unified view on language

A Semiotics View of Modeling Method Complexity - The Case of UML

Unified Modeling Language (UML) is the standard modeling language for object oriented system development. Despite its status as a standard, UML’s formal specification is fuzzy and its theoretical foundation is weak. Semiotics, the study of signs, provides us good theoretical foundation for UML research as UML graphical notations are some kinds of signs. In this research, we use semiotics to study the graphical notations in UML. We hypothesized that using iconic signs as UML graphical notations leads to more accurate representation and arouses fewer connotations than using symbolic signs. Since symbolic signs involve more learning efforts, we assume that expert users of UML will perform better with symbolic signs than novice users. We created an open-ended survey to test these hypotheses. The qualitative analysis of the survey process can help us gain in-depth understanding of the complexity of modeling language graphical notations. In addition, the introduction of semiotics in this research helps build a solid theoretical foundation of IS modeling method research

Quantitative Analysis of Apache Storm Applications: The NewsAsset Case Study

The development of Information Systems today faces the era of Big Data. Large volumes of information need to be processed in real-time, for example, for Facebook or Twitter analysis. This paper addresses the redesign of NewsAsset, a commercial product that helps journalists by providing services, which analyzes millions of media items from the social network in real-time. Technologies like Apache Storm can help enormously in this context. We have quantitatively analyzed the new design of NewsAsset to assess whether the introduction of Apache Storm can meet the demanding performance requirements of this media product. Our assessment approach, guided by the Unified Modeling Language (UML), takes advantage, for performance analysis, of the software designs already used for development. In addition, we converted UML into a domain-specific modeling language (DSML) for Apache Storm, thus creating a profile for Storm. Later, we transformed said DSML into an appropriate language for performance evaluation, specifically, stochastic Petri nets. The assessment ended with a successful software design that certainly met the scalability requirements of NewsAsset

Cognitive Effectiveness of Visual Instructional Design Languages

The introduction of learning technologies into education is making the design of courses and instructional materials an increasingly complex task. Instructional design languages are identified as conceptual tools for achieving more standardized and, at the same time, more creative design solutions, as well as enhancing communication and transparency in the design process. In this article we discuss differences in cognitive aspects of three visual instructional design languages (E²ML, PoEML, coUML), based on user evaluation. Cognitive aspects are of relevance for learning a design language, creating models with it, and understanding models created using it. The findings should enable language constructors to improve the usability of visual instructional design languages in the future. The paper concludes with directions with regard to how future research on visual instructional design languages could strengthen their value and enhance their actual use by educators and designers by synthesizing existing efforts into a unified modeling approach for VIDLs

The Specification of Dynamic Distributed Component Systems

Modern computing systems are terribly complicated - so complex that most system designers and developers can only hope to understand their small piece of the larger project. The primary technologies that help system builders manage this complexity are object-oriented and/or component-centric, and the primary tools are those that assist in system modeling and specification. It is my belief that the next stage in managing system complexity comes in the form of system specification through formal methods. Only with precise, complete, and consistent descriptions of our systems and their components can we hope to understand the hyper-complex engineering that has become prevalent in computing today. But, only through the introduction of some middle-ground, semi-formal technique can modeling and specification break through into the mainstream. Such a specification methodology can't be too hard to use, but need to be formal enough that it will help system designers and tools check the consistency and completeness of the system and its components. This thesis is the first step on the road toward formal specification of dynamic, emergent, distributed component systems, and addresses all of the requirements mentioned above. I introduce DESML: a set of new modeling constructs which can be used as a thin layer on top of most modeling languages. DESML is a variant of the Unified Modeling Language (UML), not an extension. I have redefined the the core metamodel, thus the new language is no longer compatible at the meta-level with UML. Note that such a modification is not necessary it is only a convenience in the definition of our new language. The reader should be familiar with the Unified Modeling Language and at least one formal specification language. Suggested references include [42] and [50, Chapter 2] for UML, and [20, Chapter 6] for a specification language (in this case, Z [152])

GAME EDUKASI WORD SEARCH PUZZLE NAMA ANAK HEWAN DALAM BAHASA SUNDA MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA LINEAR CONGRUENT METHOD (LCM) DAN ALGORITMA KNUTH MORRIS PRATT (KMP) (Studi Kasus : SDN Pajawanlor)

Sundanese has unique names in its daily scope, such as naming animals. Learning the names of animal child using Sundanese is one of the activities in preserving Sundanese culture. However, especially elementary school students have lacked interest in learning Sundanese, one of them concerning the names of animal child in Sundanese, this is because the learning medias are less attractive, there are no developments in the packaging of Sundanese materials, especially the introduction to names of animal child and the absence of a dictionary regarding to the names of children in the school. Therefore, an interesting application is needed to help learning Sundanese so that students have an interest in learning the names of animal child in Sundanese. The result of this study is a game application, in which there are material about the names of animal child in Indonesian and Sundanese and there are questions that must be answered in a certain time limit to practice Sundanese language skills and to know the extent to which students understand Sundanese. By using the Linear Congruent Method (LCM) algorithm to scramble the questions that appear in the game and Knuth Morris Pratt (KMP) for matching strings in the game. The application is built using the C# programming language and the development tools used are Unity. And the system development method in this application uses the Rational Unified Process (RUP) method, while the method for designing the system uses the Unified Modeling Language (UML). Keywords : Sundanese, Linear Congruent Method, Knuth Morris Prat

A Model based design flow for Dynamic Reconfigurable FPGAs

International audienceAs System-on-Chip (SoC) based embedded systems have become a de-facto industry standard, their overall design complexity has increased exponentially in recent years, necessitating the introduction of new seamless methodologies and tools to handle the SoC co-design aspects. This paper presents a novel SoC co-design methodology based on Model Driven Engineering and the MARTE (Modeling and Analysis of Real-Time and Embedded Systems) standard, permitting us to raise the abstraction levels and allows to model fine grain reconfigurable architectures such as FPGAs. Extensions of this methodology have enabled us to integrate new features such as Partial Dynamic Reconfiguration supported by Modern FPGAs. The overall objective is to carry out system modeling at a high abstraction level expressed in a graphical language like UML (Unified Modeling Language) and afterwards transformation of these models, automatically generate the necessary code for FPGA synthesis

Modeling the object-oriented software process: OPEN and the unified process

A short introduction to software process modeling is presented, particularly object-oriented modeling. Two major industrial process models are discussed: the OPEN model and the Unified Process model. In more detail, the quality assurance in the Unified Process tool (formally called Objectory) is reviewed