2,224 research outputs found
Modeling Long-term Dependencies and Short-term Correlations in Patient Journey Data with Temporal Attention Networks for Health Prediction
Building models for health prediction based on Electronic Health Records
(EHR) has become an active research area. EHR patient journey data consists of
patient time-ordered clinical events/visits from patients. Most existing
studies focus on modeling long-term dependencies between visits, without
explicitly taking short-term correlations between consecutive visits into
account, where irregular time intervals, incorporated as auxiliary information,
are fed into health prediction models to capture latent progressive patterns of
patient journeys. We present a novel deep neural network with four modules to
take into account the contributions of various variables for health prediction:
i) the Stacked Attention module strengthens the deep semantics in clinical
events within each patient journey and generates visit embeddings, ii) the
Short-Term Temporal Attention module models short-term correlations between
consecutive visit embeddings while capturing the impact of time intervals
within those visit embeddings, iii) the Long-Term Temporal Attention module
models long-term dependencies between visit embeddings while capturing the
impact of time intervals within those visit embeddings, iv) and finally, the
Coupled Attention module adaptively aggregates the outputs of Short-Term
Temporal Attention and Long-Term Temporal Attention modules to make health
predictions. Experimental results on MIMIC-III demonstrate superior predictive
accuracy of our model compared to existing state-of-the-art methods, as well as
the interpretability and robustness of this approach. Furthermore, we found
that modeling short-term correlations contributes to local priors generation,
leading to improved predictive modeling of patient journeys.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, accepted at ACM BCB 202
Synthetic Observational Health Data with GANs: from slow adoption to a boom in medical research and ultimately digital twins?
After being collected for patient care, Observational Health Data (OHD) can
further benefit patient well-being by sustaining the development of health
informatics and medical research. Vast potential is unexploited because of the
fiercely private nature of patient-related data and regulations to protect it.
Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have recently emerged as a
groundbreaking way to learn generative models that produce realistic synthetic
data. They have revolutionized practices in multiple domains such as
self-driving cars, fraud detection, digital twin simulations in industrial
sectors, and medical imaging.
The digital twin concept could readily apply to modelling and quantifying
disease progression. In addition, GANs posses many capabilities relevant to
common problems in healthcare: lack of data, class imbalance, rare diseases,
and preserving privacy. Unlocking open access to privacy-preserving OHD could
be transformative for scientific research. In the midst of COVID-19, the
healthcare system is facing unprecedented challenges, many of which of are data
related for the reasons stated above.
Considering these facts, publications concerning GAN applied to OHD seemed to
be severely lacking. To uncover the reasons for this slow adoption, we broadly
reviewed the published literature on the subject. Our findings show that the
properties of OHD were initially challenging for the existing GAN algorithms
(unlike medical imaging, for which state-of-the-art model were directly
transferable) and the evaluation synthetic data lacked clear metrics.
We find more publications on the subject than expected, starting slowly in
2017, and since then at an increasing rate. The difficulties of OHD remain, and
we discuss issues relating to evaluation, consistency, benchmarking, data
modelling, and reproducibility.Comment: 31 pages (10 in previous version), not including references and
glossary, 51 in total. Inclusion of a large number of recent publications and
expansion of the discussion accordingl
Care for the Mind Amid Chronic Diseases: An Interpretable AI Approach Using IoT
Health sensing for chronic disease management creates immense benefits for
social welfare. Existing health sensing studies primarily focus on the
prediction of physical chronic diseases. Depression, a widespread complication
of chronic diseases, is however understudied. We draw on the medical literature
to support depression prediction using motion sensor data. To connect human
expertise in the decision-making, safeguard trust for this high-stake
prediction, and ensure algorithm transparency, we develop an interpretable deep
learning model: Temporal Prototype Network (TempPNet). TempPNet is built upon
the emergent prototype learning models. To accommodate the temporal
characteristic of sensor data and the progressive property of depression,
TempPNet differs from existing prototype learning models in its capability of
capturing the temporal progression of depression. Extensive empirical analyses
using real-world motion sensor data show that TempPNet outperforms
state-of-the-art benchmarks in depression prediction. Moreover, TempPNet
interprets its predictions by visualizing the temporal progression of
depression and its corresponding symptoms detected from sensor data. We further
conduct a user study to demonstrate its superiority over the benchmarks in
interpretability. This study offers an algorithmic solution for impactful
social good - collaborative care of chronic diseases and depression in health
sensing. Methodologically, it contributes to extant literature with a novel
interpretable deep learning model for depression prediction from sensor data.
Patients, doctors, and caregivers can deploy our model on mobile devices to
monitor patients' depression risks in real-time. Our model's interpretability
also allows human experts to participate in the decision-making by reviewing
the interpretation of prediction outcomes and making informed interventions.Comment: 39 pages, 12 figure
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