Learner internal psychological factors

Book synopsis: What is language and how can we investigate its acquisition by children or adults? What perspectives exist from which to view acquisition? What internal constraints and external factors shape acquisition? What are the properties of interlanguage systems? This comprehensive 31-chapter handbook is an authoritative survey of second language acquisition (SLA). Its multi-perspective synopsis on recent developments in SLA research provides significant contributions by established experts and widely recognized younger talent. It covers cutting edge and emerging areas of enquiry not treated elsewhere in a single handbook, including third language acquisition, electronic communication, incomplete first language acquisition, alphabetic literacy and SLA, affect and the brain, discourse and identity. Written to be accessible to newcomers as well as experienced scholars of SLA, the Handbook is organised into six thematic sections, each with an editor-written introduction

The Associations of Internal Factors, Sources of Information, and Family Role with Premarital Sexual Behavior among Adolescents in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara

Background: Earlier studies reported that parents play a significant role in the sexual development and behaviors of their children. Parental monitoring and supervision are important paths for keeping adolescents from risky situations and activities while the teen develops responsible decision making skills. A supportive relationship between the parent and adolescent is important for enhancing communication and supervision. Empirical studies into this issue, however, is scanty in East Nusa Tenggara. This study aimed to analyze the associations of parental role and source of information on reproductive health, with unhealthy premarital sex behavior among adolescents in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara. Subjects and Method: This was a cross sectional study conducted in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara. A sample of 90 adolescents were selected for this study. The dependent variable was unhealthy sex behavior. The independent variables were role of parents and source of information on reproductive health. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multiple logistic regression. Results: The risk of unhealthy premarital sex behavior increased with weak role of parents (OR= 2.74; p= 0.045) and negative source of information on reproductive health (OR= 2.20; p= 0.033). Conclusion: The risk of unhealthy premarital sex behavior increases with weak role of parents and negative source of information on reproductive health. Keywords: premarital, sex behavior, unhealthy, role of parents, source of information, reproductive health

Internal and External Factors of Motivation of Health Cadres in Implementing Alert Village in District of Ogan Ilir in 2011

Background : Role of a health cadre is very important in supporting alert village program . The task of a health cadre is very complex and diverse in developing alert village. Therefore a health cadre is expected to have high motivation in performing everyday tasks. Method : This research is a descriptive qualitative approach. The number of samples in this study as many as 6 people informants include 2 key informants and 4 informants comparison. The instruments used are the guidelines for indepth interviews, observation sheets and conducted document review. Result : The internal factors that influence the work motivation of cadres were education and training for self-development, the recognition of local government and the award given by the health department to the cadre if the achievements in carrying out their duties and responsibilities. In addition, in performing their duties, relations with superiors or with coworkers are good and coupled with the lack of concern from the health department through supervision activities. Conclusion : Most of the village health volunteers standby has responsibility plays an important role in the management of idle rural programs, help develop and manage UKBM, as well as helping to identify and report on events in the community that may have an impact on society

Competition in Industries Recently Deregulated in Japan

Deregulation in Japan has been caused by both external and internal factors. External factors include requests by the United States and the European Community, where deregulation measures were extensively implemented in order to facilitate these countries\u27 enterprises access into Japan\u27s market. Internal factors include the necessity for the privatization of state or public corporations in order to utilize private initiative to its fullest extent and for the reduction of differences between domestic and international prices

Factors Affecting the Internal Audit Effectiveness

This study tests the factors that influence the internal audit effectiveness, including internal auditor competencies, internal auditor independence, auditee support to internal audit activity, and the internal and external auditor relationship. Using the internal auditor inspectorate in Java Province, Indonesia, we found that the internal audit effectiveness can be attained through increase internal audit competence, independence and strong relationship between internal and external auditor. However, this study found that auditee support has no effect on internal audit effectiveness

Planar Superconducting Resonators with Internal Quality Factors above One Million

We describe the fabrication and measurement of microwave coplanar waveguide resonators with internal quality factors above 10 million at high microwave powers and over 1 million at low powers, with the best low power results approaching 2 million, corresponding to ~1 photon in the resonator. These quality factors are achieved by controllably producing very smooth and clean interfaces between the resonators' aluminum metallization and the underlying single crystal sapphire substrate. Additionally, we describe a method for analyzing the resonator microwave response, with which we can directly determine the internal quality factor and frequency of a resonator embedded in an imperfect measurement circuit.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, 1 tabl

Governance factors affecting internal auditors' ethical decision making: an exploratory study

Purpose This paper explores the ethical decision making of internal auditors and the impact of corporate governance mechanisms thereon. It also explores whether ethical decision making is influenced by years of experience in internal auditing. Design/methodology/approach Sixty-six internal auditors were presented with five ethical dilemmas. For each scenario, a key element of corporate governance was manipulated to assess its impact on ethical decision making. These were audit committee support; management integrity regarding accounting policies; management integrity regarding pressure on internal audit; external auditor characteristics; and organisational code of conduct. Findings Participants were generally sensitive to ethical dilemmas but were not always confident that their peers would act ethically. A higher quality external audit function was positively associated with internal auditors’ ethical decision making. However, the strength of other governance mechanisms did not appear to influence ethical decision making. Finally, more experienced internal auditors adopted a more ethical stance in some cases. Research limitations/implications Our sample was self-selected and may not be representative of internal auditors in general. Our lack of significant results may be due to insufficient variability in our manipulations and/or an oversimplification of reality in our scenarios. Practical implications The study has implications for the internal audit profession with respect to training and the provision of support mechanisms to strengthen the ability of internal auditors to withstand pressure when dealing with ethical dilemmas. Originality/value This paper is the first to study whether the strength of other governance mechanisms influence internal auditors’ ethical decision making

Containing Muslim extremism and radicalism

This article argues that wars, atrocities, radicalism and extremism have been caused by many interrelated external socio-economic, political and ethnic factors, even though religious communities are involved. However, internal factors such as the role of religious education, are instrumental in understanding religious radicalism and extremism, including among some Muslims. This article also elucidates the dual nature of Islamic religiosity in Asia i.e. its manifested diversity and underlying unity, traces Muslim historical treatment of religious extremism, and suggests that certain methodological and doctrinal aspects of contemporary Islamic education may have contributed to an extremist outlook and behavior. It offers a few specific and practical recommendations involving the external and internal factors to significantly reduce the phenomena of extremism among Muslims, especially in Asi