2 research outputs found
λͺ¨λλ¬ μ νκ΅° μ΄μμ μν λ€μμ± κ΄λ¦¬ λ°©λ²λ‘
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ (λ°μ¬) -- μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ : 곡과λν μ°μ
곡νκ³Ό, 2021. 2. νμ μ.κΈλ‘λ² μ μ‘°μ
체λ€μ λ€μν μ νμ μΆμνκΈ° μν΄ λͺ¨λλ¬ λμμΈ μ λ΅μ μ νκ°λ°μ μ μ©ν΄μλ€. λͺ¨λλ¬ λμμΈ μ λ΅μ μ νμ λͺ¨λ λ¨μλ‘ κ΅¬λΆν ν, μ¬λ¬ μ’
λ₯μ λͺ¨λμ μ‘°ν©νμ¬ μλ‘μ΄ μ νμ λ§λλ μ λ΅μ΄λ€. λͺ¨λλ¬ λμμΈμ μ μ‘°μ
μ²΄κ° μ νλ€μμ±μ λ¬μ±ν μ μλλ‘ νμμ§λ§, μ 곡νλ μ νμ μκ° λ¬΄μν λ§μμ§λ©΄μ μ νλ€μμ±μΌλ‘ μΈν μ μ’μ μν₯λ€μ΄ μ€κ³ μμλΏλ§ μλλΌ, μμ₯, μμ° μμμμ μ§μμ μΌλ‘ λ°μνκ³ μλ μ€μ μ΄λ€. λ°λΌμ, λ³Έ λ
Όλ¬Έμμλ μ νλ€μμ±μ μ μ’μ μν₯μ μ€μΌ μ μλλ‘ μ΄λ₯Ό 체κ³μ μΌλ‘ κ°λ°νκ³ μ΄μνλ λ€μμ± κ΄λ¦¬(variety management) λ°©λ²λ‘ μ μ μνλ€. λ€μμ± κ΄λ¦¬λ₯Ό μ±κ³΅μ μΌλ‘ μννκΈ° μν΄μλ κ΅μ°¨μμ κ΄μ κ³Ό λ³μ’
μμ€ κ΄μ μ μ κ·Όμ΄ νμνλ€. κ΅μ°¨μμ κ΄μ μ μ νλ€μμ±μ΄ μν₯μ λ―ΈμΉλ μμ₯, μ€κ³, μμ° μμμ μμλ€μ μ°κ²°κ΄κ³λ₯Ό μ 립νλ λ©μ»€λμ¦μ μ 곡νλ©°, λ³μ’
μμ€ κ΄μ μ μΌλ°μ μΈ μμ(elements) μμ€μμ ν λ¨κ³ λ΄λ €κ° λ€μμ± κ΄λ¦¬μ μ€μ λ¬Έμ κ° λλ κ° μμλ€μ λ³μ’
λ€(variants)μ 체κ³μ μΌλ‘ κ΄λ¦¬ν μ μλλ‘ νλ€. μ΄ λ κ°μ§ κ΄μ μμ, λ³Έ λ
Όλ¬Έμ λ€μμ± κ΄λ¦¬μμ μ€μνκ² λ€λ£¨μ΄μΌ ν μΈ κ°μ§ κ³Όμ βμμμΉ λͺ»ν λ³μ’
μ λ°μ λ°©μ§, μ€κ³ 볡μ‘μ± κ°μΆ, μμ₯ μ μ μ¨κ³Ό 볡μ‘μ± λΉμ© μ¬μ΄μ κ· ν μ‘κΈ°βλ₯Ό ν΄κ²°νκΈ° μν λ°©λ²λ‘ μ μ μνλ€.
첫 λ²μ§Έ μ£Όμ μμλ, μν€ν
μ² κΈ°λ°μ μ κ·Όλ²μ νμ©ν λ³μ’
κ΄λ¦¬ μν€ν
μ²(VA, variation architecture)λ₯Ό λμ
νμ¬ μμμΉ λͺ»ν λ³μ’
μ λ°μμ λ°©μ§νκ³ μ νλ€. κ°λ° μν€ν
μ²λ λͺ¨λλ¬ μ νκ΅°μ κ°λ°ν λ μ¬μ©νλ μΌμ’
μ μ°Έμ‘° μν€ν
μ²λ‘, μμ₯ μμ±, μ€κ³ λͺ¨λ, μμ° μ€λΉμ μ°κ²°κ΄κ³λ₯Ό μ μνλ κ΅μ°¨μμ μ°κ²° λ©μ»€λμ¦μ μ 곡νλ€. λ³μ’
κ΄λ¦¬ μν€ν
μ²μμλ μΌλ° μμ€μ κ³νκ³Ό λ³μ’
μμ€μ κ³νμ ν¨κ» μΈμΈ μ μλ€. μΌλ° μμ€μμλ μμ κ° μ°κ²°κ΄κ³μ μ’
λ₯λ₯Ό μ μνμ¬ μ νκ΅°μ λ€μμ± μμ€μ κ²°μ νκ³ , λ³μ’
μμ€μμλ λ³μ’
λ€ κ°μ μ‘°ν© κ·μΉμ μ€μ νμ¬ λΆνμν λ³μ’
μ λ°μμ μ΅μννλ€. λν, λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μμλ μ μ‘°μ
μ²΄κ° λ³μ’
κ΄λ¦¬ μν€ν
μ²λ₯Ό νμ©ν μ μλλ‘ μν€ν
μ² κ΅¬μΆ νλ μμν¬λ₯Ό μ μνλ€. μ¬λ‘ μ°κ΅¬μμλ μλμ°¨ νλ‘ νΈμμ μ νκ΅°μ ν΅ν΄ μ ν λ° λ³μ’
μ μλ₯Ό μλΉν μ€μΌ μ μμμ λ³΄μ¬ μ€μΌλ‘μ¨ νλ μμν¬μ μ€μ©μ±μ κ²μ¦νλ€.
λ€μμΌλ‘, μΈν°νμ΄μ€ νμ€ν κ°λ
μ μ μ©νμ¬ λ³μ’
λ€ κ°μ 볡μ‘ν κ΄κ³λ‘λΆν° λ°μνλ μ€κ³ 볡μ‘μ±μ μ€μ΄λ μ°κ΅¬λ₯Ό μννλ€. λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μμ μ μνλ μΈν°νμ΄μ€ μ€κ³ λ°©λ²λ‘ μ νλκ° μλ λ€μμ νμ€ μΈν°νμ΄μ€λ₯Ό μ¬μ©νλλ‘ νμ©νλ€. λͺ¨λ λ³μ’
λ€μ μ°κ²°νκΈ° μν΄ λ€μμ μΈν°νμ΄μ€λ₯Ό λμ
νλ©΄, μΈν°νμ΄μ€μ μμ μ μ©λ²μμ λ°λΌ λͺ¨λλ¬ μ νκ΅°μ μ 체 κ΅¬μ‘°κ° λ¬λΌμ§κ³ μ€κ³ 볡μ‘μ± λν λ€μν μμμΌλ‘ λ°μνλ€. μ΄λ₯Ό μΈ‘μ νκΈ° μν΄, λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μμλ μΈν°νμ΄μ€μ μ νμ μν₯μ λ°λ λ κ°μ§ 볡μ‘μ± μ§νλ₯ΌβμΈν°νμ΄μ€ νμ€ν 볡μ‘μ±κ³Ό ν΅ν© 볡μ‘μ±μβμ μνλ€. μΈν°νμ΄μ€ νμ€ν 볡μ‘μ±μ νμ€ μΈν°νμ΄μ€λ₯Ό μ€κ³ν λ, λͺ¨λ λ³μ’
μ€κ³μ κ°μ μ‘°μ¨μ νμν 맨μμ(person-hour)λ₯Ό κ³μ°νκ³ , ν΅ν© 볡μ‘μ±μ κ°κ°μ λͺ¨λ λ³μ’
κ³Ό μΈν°νμ΄μ€λ₯Ό ν΅ν©λ μ νμΌλ‘ μ€κ³νλλ° νμλ‘ νλ λ
Έλ ₯μ μμΌλ‘, μμμ 볡μ‘μ±(topological complexity) μ§νλ₯Ό κΈ°λ°μΌλ‘ μΈ‘μ νλ€. λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μμλ λ κ°μ§ 볡μ‘μ±μ μ΅μννλ μΈν°νμ΄μ€ μ€κ³ λμμ μ°ΎκΈ° μν νλ μμν¬λ₯Ό μ 곡νλ€. μ¬λ‘ μ°κ΅¬μμ μ΄μ μ μ©μ±μ 보μ¬μ£ΌκΈ° μν΄ νλ‘ νΈμμ μ νκ΅°μ λ§λ μ΅μ μ μΈν°νμ΄μ€ μμ μ νκ΅° ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό λμΆνλ€.
λ§μ§λ§ μ£Όμ μμλ, μμ₯ μ μ μ¨κ³Ό 볡μ‘μ± λΉμ©μ κ· νμ λ§μΆλ μ΅μ μ ν μ’
μλ₯Ό μ°ΎκΈ° μν μ΅μ ν λͺ¨λΈμ κ°λ°νλ€. μ΅μ ν λͺ¨λΈμ μ νμ ꡬμ±νλ λͺ¨λ λ³μ’
μ κΈ°λ°μΌλ‘ λͺ¨λΈλ§λκ³ , μ ν λ° λͺ¨λ μ’
μκ° μ¦κ°ν¨μ λ°λΌ μμ₯ μ μ μ¨μ μ¦κ°λΆμ΄ μ€μ΄λ€κ³ , λ°λλ‘ λ³΅μ‘μ± λΉμ©μ μ¦κ°λΆμ λμ΄λλ νΉμ±μ λ°μνλ€. μμ₯ μ μ μ¨μ ꡬνκΈ° μν΄ λ€μ€ν°λ λ‘μ§ λͺ¨λΈ(nested logit model)μ κΈ°λ°μΌλ‘ νλ μμ λͺ¨λΈμ κ°λ°νλ€. λ€μ€ν°λ λ‘μ§ λͺ¨λΈμμλ λμΌ μ νκ΅° λ΄ μ νλ€μ μ μ¬μ±μ κ³ λ €νμ¬ μμ₯ μ μ μ¨μ μ¦κ°λΆμ΄ μ€μ΄λλ νΉμ±μ λ°μνλ€. λ€μμΌλ‘, μ λ‘λ² μ΄μ€ μκ°κ³μ° μ κ·Όλ²(zero-based costing approach)μ νμ©ν 볡μ‘μ± λΉμ© λͺ¨λΈμ λμ
νλ€. μ΄ μ κ·Όλ²μμλ μ ν νΉμ λͺ¨λμ μ’
μκ° ν λ¨μμ© λμ΄λ λ λ°μνλ λΉμ©μ λ¨κ³μ μΌλ‘ κ³μ°νλ λ°©λ²μ μ¬μ©νλ€. λ§μ§λ§μΌλ‘, μμ λͺ¨λΈκ³Ό 볡μ‘μ± λΉμ© λͺ¨λΈμ ν©μΉ μ΅μ ν λͺ¨λΈ(optimization model)μ λͺ¨λΈλ§νμ¬ μ΅μ μ ν μ’
μμ μ νμ λͺ¨λ ꡬμ±μ λμΆνλ μ°κ΅¬λ₯Ό μννλ€. μ¬λ‘ μ°κ΅¬μμλ λ―Όκ°λ λΆμμ μννμ¬ κ° μν©λ³ μ΅μ ν΄κ° μ΄λ»κ² λ¬λΌμ§λ μ§ λ³΄μ¬μ£Όμ΄ μ°κ΅¬μμ μ μνλ λͺ¨λΈλ€μ ν¨κ³Όλ₯Ό κ²μ¦νλ€.Global manufacturing companies have been achieving product variety by implementing a modular design strategy in which product variants are created by combining, adding, or substituting modules. Providing a high variety of products, however, causes negative effects not only on design but also on market and production. Variety management that defines the right range of variants is one of the most critical issues for most of the manufacturing companies. This thesis aims to propose methodologies that enable companies to systematically reduce negative effects of variety. In order to achieve successful variety management, this study approaches the issue from two viewpoints: cross-domain and variant-level viewpoints. A cross-domain viewpoint supports establishing relationships between elements in market, design, and production domain that are affected by product variety, and a variant-level viewpoint enables to explicitly manage variants of elements that are the main source of negative effects. In these viewpoints, this thesis focuses on dealing with three important challenges in variety management: to prevent unexpected variants, to reduce design complexity, and to balance market share and complexity cost.
In the first theme, an architecture-based approach named variation architecture is introduced to prevent unexpected variants. Variation architecture (VA) is defined as a reference architecture for a modular product family providing the scheme by which variants in market, design, and production domain are arranged by cross-domain mapping mechanisms. The VA consists of generic-level and variant-level plans. At the generic-level, mapping types between domain elements are determined, and at the variant-level, combination rules between variants are set to reduce unexpected variants. Then, a framework is proposed to increase the practicality of the VA so that its compositions are well defined. In the case study, the framework is applied to an automobile front chassis family. The result shows that the number of module variants is significantly reduced compared to the current number of variants in operation.
Secondly, the concept of interface standardization is introduced to manage design complexity caused by complicated combinations between module variants. This theme proposes an interface design methodology that addresses multiple standard interfaces in a modular product family. A product family structure is changed by implementing multiple standard interfaces, generating design complexity. This study defines two complexities resulting from the introduction of multiple standard interfaces: standardization effort and integration effort. Standardization effort is estimated as a required person-hours for coordinating module variants to design a standard interface, and integration effort is measured as an effort to integrate all design elements based on the concept of topological complexity. A framework is proposed to identify an optimal product family structure that minimizes the two complexities. In the case study, the proposed framework identifies an optimal structure and the number of standard interfaces for the front chassis family. Then, the study conducts a sensitivity analysis to demonstrate the methodologys applicability in interface management.
In the last theme, an optimization model is developed to identify an optimal product variety to balance market share and complexity cost. The model focuses on module variants, not just product variants, because a modular product family creates product variants by combining module variants. The model reflects the trends of concave increase in market share and convex increase in complexity cost as the number of variety increases. A demand model is developed by the nested logit model that shows the concavity of market share based on the similarity of product variants in the same family, and a complexity cost model is constructed by the zero-based costing approach that an incremental cost is estimated as a variant is added. Combining the models, an optimization model is formulated to find an optimal variety and configurations of product variants. The case study demonstrates the models effectiveness by analyzing optimal solutions in various situations.Abstract i
Contents iv
List of Tables viii
List of Figures ix
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Variety Management 1
1.2 Variety Management Challenges 5
1.3 Research Proposal: How to Deal with the Challenges? 7
1.4 Structure of Thesis 10
Chapter 2 Literature Review 11
2.1 Variety Management Methodologies 11
2.1.1 Modular product family design 11
2.1.2 Product family architecture 13
2.1.3 Classification of the contributions 15
2.2 Modular Design and Complexity 17
2.2.1 Modular design 17
2.2.2 Interface design 19
2.2.3 Design complexity 20
2.3 Product Family Design and Variety 22
2.3.1 Product family design 22
2.3.2 Variety optimization 25
Chapter 3 Variation Architecture for Reducing the Generation of Unexpected Variants 29
3.1 Introduction 29
3.1.1 Generation of unexpected variants 29
3.1.2 Needs for a systematic approach 31
3.2 Variation Architecture (VA) 33
3.2.1 Generic-level planning 34
3.2.2 Variant-level planning 41
3.3 Framework for Planning Product Variety 46
3.4 Application 47
3.4.1 Case description 47
3.4.2 Construction of variation architecture (VA) 49
3.4.3 Result and discussion 53
3.5 Summary 57
Chapter 4 Variant-level Interface Design for Reducing Design Complexity 59
4.1 Introduction 59
4.2 Variant-level Interface Design 61
4.3 Interface Design Complexity 64
4.3.1 Standardization effort 66
4.3.2 Integration effort 71
4.4 Framework for Variant-level Interface Design 76
4.5 Case Study 79
4.5.1 Application of the framework 79
4.5.2 Analysis and discussion 84
4.6 Summary 88
Chapter 5 Optimizing Product Variety for Balancing Market Share and Complexity Cost 91
5.1 Introduction 91
5.2 Evidence of the impact of variety on market share 94
5.3 Planning of Product Configurations 96
5.3.1 Product family architecture 96
5.3.2 Product configuration 98
5.4 Variety Optimization Model 100
5.4.1 Demand model 100
5.4.2 Complexity cost model 104
5.4.3 Optimization model 108
5.5 Case Study 110
5.5.1 Case description 110
5.5.2 Data source 112
5.5.3 Optimization setting 113
5.5.4 Result 115
5.5.5 Discussion 118
5.6 Summary 122
Chapter 6 Conclusion 125
6.1 Summary of Contributions 125
6.2 Limitations and Future Research Directions 127
Bibliography 129
Appendix A Variant-level Plan of a Front Chassis Family 147
Appendix B Adjacency and Combination Matrices of a Front Chassis Family 151
κ΅λ¬Έμ΄λ‘ 155Docto