23,714 research outputs found
Interactive Machine Comprehension with Information Seeking Agents
Existing machine reading comprehension (MRC) models do not scale effectively
to real-world applications like web-level information retrieval and question
answering (QA). We argue that this stems from the nature of MRC datasets: most
of these are static environments wherein the supporting documents and all
necessary information are fully observed. In this paper, we propose a simple
method that reframes existing MRC datasets as interactive, partially observable
environments. Specifically, we "occlude" the majority of a document's text and
add context-sensitive commands that reveal "glimpses" of the hidden text to a
model. We repurpose SQuAD and NewsQA as an initial case study, and then show
how the interactive corpora can be used to train a model that seeks relevant
information through sequential decision making. We believe that this setting
can contribute in scaling models to web-level QA scenarios.Comment: ACL202
Interactive Language Learning by Question Answering
Humans observe and interact with the world to acquire knowledge. However,
most existing machine reading comprehension (MRC) tasks miss the interactive,
information-seeking component of comprehension. Such tasks present models with
static documents that contain all necessary information, usually concentrated
in a single short substring. Thus, models can achieve strong performance
through simple word- and phrase-based pattern matching. We address this problem
by formulating a novel text-based question answering task: Question Answering
with Interactive Text (QAit). In QAit, an agent must interact with a partially
observable text-based environment to gather information required to answer
questions. QAit poses questions about the existence, location, and attributes
of objects found in the environment. The data is built using a text-based game
generator that defines the underlying dynamics of interaction with the
environment. We propose and evaluate a set of baseline models for the QAit task
that includes deep reinforcement learning agents. Experiments show that the
task presents a major challenge for machine reading systems, while humans solve
it with relative ease.Comment: EMNLP 201
QuAC : Question Answering in Context
We present QuAC, a dataset for Question Answering in Context that contains
14K information-seeking QA dialogs (100K questions in total). The dialogs
involve two crowd workers: (1) a student who poses a sequence of freeform
questions to learn as much as possible about a hidden Wikipedia text, and (2) a
teacher who answers the questions by providing short excerpts from the text.
QuAC introduces challenges not found in existing machine comprehension
datasets: its questions are often more open-ended, unanswerable, or only
meaningful within the dialog context, as we show in a detailed qualitative
evaluation. We also report results for a number of reference models, including
a recently state-of-the-art reading comprehension architecture extended to
model dialog context. Our best model underperforms humans by 20 F1, suggesting
that there is significant room for future work on this data. Dataset, baseline,
and leaderboard available at http://quac.ai.Comment: EMNLP Camera Read
Improving Search through A3C Reinforcement Learning based Conversational Agent
We develop a reinforcement learning based search assistant which can assist
users through a set of actions and sequence of interactions to enable them
realize their intent. Our approach caters to subjective search where the user
is seeking digital assets such as images which is fundamentally different from
the tasks which have objective and limited search modalities. Labeled
conversational data is generally not available in such search tasks and
training the agent through human interactions can be time consuming. We propose
a stochastic virtual user which impersonates a real user and can be used to
sample user behavior efficiently to train the agent which accelerates the
bootstrapping of the agent. We develop A3C algorithm based context preserving
architecture which enables the agent to provide contextual assistance to the
user. We compare the A3C agent with Q-learning and evaluate its performance on
average rewards and state values it obtains with the virtual user in validation
episodes. Our experiments show that the agent learns to achieve higher rewards
and better states.Comment: 17 pages, 7 figure
Desiderata for an Every Citizen Interface to the National Information Infrastructure: Challenges for NLP
In this paper, I provide desiderata for an interface that would enable ordinary people to properly access the capabilities of the NII. I identify some of the technologies that will be needed to achieve these desiderata, and discuss current and future research directions that could lead to the development of such technologies. In particular, I focus on the ways in which theory and techniques from natural language processing could contribute to future interfaces to the NII. Introduction The evolving national information infrastructure (NII) has made available a vast array of on-line services and networked information resources in a variety of forms (text, speech, graphics, images, video). At the same time, advances in computing and telecommunications technology have made it possible for an increasing number of households to own (or lease or use) powerful personal computers that are connected to this resource. Accompanying this progress is the expectation that people will be able to more..
Reflections on preserving the state of new media art
As part of its work to explore emerging issues associated
with characterisation of digital materials, Planets has explored vocabularies and information structures for expressing the properties integral to the value of digital art. Value encompasses those qualities that must be understood and captured in order to ensure that art worksâ sensory, emotional, mental and spiritual resonance remain. Facets of interactivity, modularity and temporality associated with digital art present some critical questions that the preservation community must increasingly be equipped to answer. Because digital art materials exhibit fundamental multidimensionality, validating the successful preservation of creative experience demands the explication of more than just file characteristics.
Understanding relationships between objects also implies
an understanding of their respective functional qualities.
This paper presents a Planetsâ vocabulary for encapsulating contextual and implicit characteristics of digital art, optimised for preservation planning and validation
The Contribution of Society to the Construction of Individual Intelligence
It is argued that society is a crucial factor in the construction of individual intelligence. In other words that it is important that intelligence is socially situated in an analogous way to the physical situation of robots. Evidence that this may be the case is taken from developmental linguistics, the social intelligence hypothesis, the complexity of society, the need for self-reflection and autism. The consequences for the development of artificial social agents is briefly considered. Finally some challenges for research into socially situated intelligence are highlighted
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