Critical analysis of interpersonal trust determinants in virtual teams, working in capability planning in the identification of capability gaps or needs, to provide required future military capability in the UK’s MOD

The United Kingdom’s Ministry of Defence (MOD) balances defence policy aspirations and available resources through the capability planning process. Arguably, the cornerstone of this process is the cross-functional integration of skills and capabilities across defence. This is realised through a construct of Virtual Teams (VTs) called Capability Planning Groups (CPGs). Literature on the topic of interpersonal trust in VTs highlights the development of trust as a key element, if not the most significant, in pursuing desired outcomes. Furthermore, literature on this topic, in a defence context, is scarce. This thesis undertakes a specific research approach, in accordance with its aim: To develop a critical analysis of interpersonal trust determinants in VTs, working in capability planning for the identification of capability gaps or needs, to provide required future military capability. Consequently, three research questions are investigated: What are the pertinent determinants of interpersonal trust in the CPG?; What, if any, are the issues surrounding those determinants within the CPG?; and, What risks are there, beyond the interpersonal relationships, which could influence the trust behaviour of CPG members? A critical review of pertinent literature is followed by the development of a research methodology under a phenomenological paradigm. Building from this, fieldwork was undertaken in two phases. As a result of semi-structured interviews to the members of a number of CPGs, the way in which interpersonal trust is generically perceived was conceptualised, and confirmation of the interpersonal trust determinants considered in an adapted model of interpersonal trust in CPGs was provided. In addition, a cross-case analysis allowed the integration of the data gathered, in order to identify target areas to be covered in the second wave of data collection. Subsequently, in Phase II, information was gathered through a survey questionnaire addressed to the whole population under consideration, in order to increase the robustness of the study, by confirming and providing further insights about key issues identified, as well as underpinning more powerful conclusions. From this, interpersonal trust determinants pertaining to the CPGs, as well as the issues and risks regarding interpersonal trust, were asserted. A major finding was the conceptualisation of these issues and risks, because they are critical in determining if a specific behaviour will be taken. Moreover, as highlighted in the Defence Reform Report (2011), some of these are already identified as very real concerns, and appear as structural or enduring problems at MOD level. These elements are deemed a central focus for future research, because of their significance as contextual variables that have to be addressed in order to stimulate interpersonal trust and, consequently, improve performance in the CPGs. As the use of VTs is considered most likely to increase over time in MOD organisations, the findings from this research will be useful to all personnel involved in capability planning, and other cross-functional activities. In particular, it could inform the design of organisational processes and systems as capability management is taken forward. Finally, the issues and risks associated with such virtual trust are asserted as not believed to be a manifestation of dysfunctional strategic planning because defence organisations can have clarity of purpose, can have clear direction, and yet still send competing messages. Paradoxically, that is the weakness of being strong. The analysis suggests that action has to be taken in order to stimulate interpersonal trust, because it is important to avoid or mitigate negative effects of contextual variables influencing CPGs. To this end, it is crucial to understand the role that interpersonal trust plays in the cross-functional work that is critical for the successful integration of skills and capabilities, and to ensure that people involved in capability planning and other cross-functional activities are assisted in understanding the nature of this challenging and complex context

Trust and Control in Virtual Teams: Unraveling the impact of Team Awareness Systems in Virtual Teams

The inability to convey contextual knowledge has proven to be harmful to the development of trust in virtual teams. Awareness systems have been offered as a way to provide contextual information and promote trust. However, awareness systems allow both team members and supervisors the ability to monitor virtual team members. Monitoring is a form of control and the relationship between trust and control is not well understood. Prior literature indicates that control can both impact the development of trust and alter the effects of trust. In some cases, control helps, hurts, or has no effect on the development and influence of trust. This position paper argues that a clear understanding of control and trust is needed to fully comprehend the implications of awareness systems.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/135720/1/CSCW-2013-Robert-Position-Paper-Final-Submission-01-02-13-08-50-15.pd

China versus The United States: Cultural Differences in Participation Intention in The Sharing Economy

Sharing economy, which allows people to have access to others’ resources without owning them, has had rapid development throughout the world. However, most of the current research focuses on the practices in western cultures, but the results may not necessarily hold in eastern cultures. In this paper, we discuss the possible differences between Chinese and Americans in their intention to participate in sharing economy. This session will be relevant for attendees interested in understanding and facilitating the sharing economy across the world.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136164/1/CSCW China (Submitted).pd

DEVELOPMENT OF A RESEARCH MODEL TO IMPROVE PERFORMANCE OUTCOMES USING COLLABORATION TECHNOLOGIES

The purpose of this paper is to explore the current research focused upon collaboration technologies and propose a research model. A brief summary of the underlying theories is presented, followed by a discussion of themes and factors which are thought to influence the successful outcomes associated with technology use. A proposed model extends the current research stream on collaboration technologies by examining the constructs of trust, technology quality, and collaboration as a behavior

Explanations and Expectations: Trust Building in Automated Vehicles

Trust is a vital determinant of acceptance of automated vehicles (AVs) and expectations and explanations are often at the heart of any trusting relationship. Once expectations have been violated, explanations are needed to mitigate the damage. This study introduces the importance of timing of explanations in promoting trust in AVs. We present the preliminary results of a within-subjects experimental study involving eight participants exposed to four AV driving conditions (i.e. 32 data points). Preliminary results show a pattern that suggests that explanations provided before the AV takes actions promote more trust than explanations provided afterward.McityPeer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/140746/1/Explanations-Expectations-Trust Final.pdfDescription of Explanations-Expectations-Trust Final.pdf : Main Articl

Disposition to trust, interpersonal trust and institutional trust of mobile banking in Malaysia

Mobile banking refers to the use of smart phones or other mobile devices to perform tasks online banking from your home computer, such as monitoring the account balances, transfer of funds between accounts, pay bills and prepaid top-up. Mobile banking is a new strategy for the bank to enhance their latest technology in a new dynamic marketing environment.The low penetration of mobile banking in Malaysia, especially in terms of adoption patterns is becoming the research interest, especially when compared to the total number of cellular telephone subscriptions. The penetration rate of mobile banking in Malaysia is still in the minority.One of the issues identified by a few researchers is the perception of trust. This article will discuss along the trust issue and its constituents and then after the intention to use of mobile banking services. The bank should enhance their strategy to improve and develop new strategy in order to gain more utilization and adoption on intention to use. This article attempts to discuss on the element of trust to benefit the service provider in Malaysia

Comparing the Effects of False Alarms and Misses on Humans’ Trust in (Semi)Autonomous Vehicles

Trust in automated driving systems is crucial for effective driver- (semi)autonomous vehicles interaction. Drivers that do not trust the system appropriately are not able to leverage its benefits. This study presents a mixed design user experiment where participants conducted a non-driving task while traveling in a simulated semi-autonomous vehicle with forward collision alarm and emergency braking functions. Occasionally, the system missed obstacles or provided false alarms.We varied these system error types as well as road shapes, and measured the effects of these variations on trust development. Results reveal that misses are more harmful to trust development than false alarms, and that these effects are strengthened by operation on risky roads. Our findings provide additional insight into the development of trust in automated driving systems, and are useful for the design of such technologies.Automotive Research Center at the University of Michigan, through the U.S. Army CCDC/GVSCPeer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153524/1/Azevedo-Sa et al. 2020.pdfDescription of Azevedo-Sa et al. 2020.pdf : Mainfil

The influence of organizational culture and project management maturity in virtual project teams

Abstract: The growth of organisations and businesses have resulted in the organisations having offices in different geographical areas. The partnerships of different organisations have caused them to create a team that is not situated in one area. A virtual project team is one where the project team is located in different geographical areas and rely on technology for communication. Different factors can affect the performance of the virtual team. The aim of this article was to find the level of influence that the organisational culture and the project management maturity of an organisation has on virtual project team. The quantitative research methodology was used in the research. An online survey was used as the data collection tool. The google forms application and the Microsoft excel software were used for the data analysis of the feedback from the participants taking part in the research. The results of the research indicate that organisational culture has an influence in the virtual project performance and that the elimination of project management maturity affects the success of the virtual project negatively

Stimulating Team Creativity: The Influence Of Swift-Trust On The Team Creativity Process

It is often suggested that most creative ideas that lead to an innovation originate from a collaborative environment.  Organizations frequently establish teams to encourage collaboration as a way of generating new and creative ideas for innovation.  Yet, teams often fail to establish a proper collaborative environment in a timely manner or to stimulate team creativity.  Team creativity, a by-product of the proper collaborative experience, and its stimulating agents are the focus of this paper.  Specifically, this paper examines how organizations can rapidly create the proper collaborative environment to induce team creativity using swift-trust.  Swift-trust, a unique form of trust and collective perception, is proposed as a stimulating agent for the quick formation of a collaborative environment that leads to team creativity.  The antecedents to the formation of swift trust are identified as team composition and team tasking.  The moderating effects of the leader-member relationship and history are examined.  Overall, results show that swift trust leads to the rapid establishment of a collaborative team environment which leads to team creativity.  A conceptual model is presented and an example is discussed.  This paper makes two important contributions.  First, the establishment of a swift-trust environment is positively linked to the early stimulation of team creativity.  Second, a practical blueprint, through the development of a conceptual model, is offered to the management practitioner desiring to quickly stimulate team creativity using swift-trust

Mechanisms Underlying Social Loafing in Technology Teams: An Empirical Analysis

Prior research has identified team size and dispersion as important antecedents of social loafing in technology-enabled teams. However, the underlying mechanisms through which team size and team dispersion cause individuals to engage in social loafing is significantly understudied and needs to be researched. To address this exigency, we use Bandura’s Theory of Moral Disengagement to explain why individuals under conditions of increasing team size and dispersion engage in social loafing behavior. We identify three mechanisms—advantageous comparison, displacement of responsibility and moral justification —that mediate the relationship between team size, dispersion and social loafing. Herein, we present the theory development and arguments for our hypotheses. We also present the initial findings from this study. Implications of the expected research findings are also discussed