Analysis of Financial Inclusion Toward Poverty and Income Inequality

The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship and the influence of financial inclusion toward poverty alleviation and income inequality in Indonesia. The analysis methods in this study were Index Inclusion and regression-correlation of panel data. The variable of financial inclusion was obtained from Index of Financial Inclusion (IFI) value measured by dimensions; banking penetration, banking services availability, and the use of banking services. The data was time series from 2014-2016 and cross section from 33 provinces in Indonesia obtained from Bank Indonesia, Financial Service Authority, and Central Bureau Statistics. The results showed; (1) most provinces in Indonesia had moderate financial inclusion level, (2) financial inclusion had a negative and significant relationship and influence toward poverty. (3) financial inclusion had a positive and not significant relationship with income inequality, but it had a negative and significant influence toward income inequality. It means that financial inclusion can reduce poverty, but it has not been able to reduce the economic gap of society well

Early Music Education as a Tool for Inclusion and Respect for Diversity. Study Paper for the Bernard van Leer Foundation

This report explores the topic of using music education activities as a way to address inclusion and respect for diversity with children. It is intended to inform the development of appropriate activities and indicators for the Bernard van Leer Foundation’s Social inclusion and respect for diversity issue area, particularly those which address the use of music in projects with young children. The study begins with an overview of musical development from prenatal to eight years of age and provides a review of the significant processes and outcomes of music education activities aimed at bringing together children in divided contexts. It is apparent that cross-community development of music skills has been and continues to be an effective means of addressing prejudice with young people. The study includes the analysis of interviews with 16 experienced practitioners in Northern Ireland regarding ways in which music plays a part in facilitating respect and inclusion with young people, and an analysis of five children’s focus groups. It concludes with recommendations to bring this knowledge to the early childhood and lower primary school sector and offers some questions for further study

How large are departures from lithostatic pressure? Constraints from host-inclusion elasticity

Minerals trapped as inclusions within other host minerals will develop non-lithostatic pressures during both prograde and retrograde metamorphism because of the differences between the thermo-elastic properties of the host and inclusion phases. There is only a single possible path in P-T space, the entrapment isomeke, along which no residual pressure would be developed in a host/inclusion system; non-lithostatic pressures are developed in inclusions as a result of the external pressure and temperature deviating from the isomeke that passes through the entrapment conditions. With modern equation of state and elasticity data for minerals now available it is possible to perform precise calculations of the isomekes for mineral pairs. These show that isomeke lines are not straight lines in P-T space at metamorphic conditions. We show that silicate inclusions in silicate hosts tend to have flat isomekes, with small values of dP/dT(isomeke), because of the small range of thermal expansion coefficients of silicate minerals. As a consequence, the general behaviour under decompression is for soft silicate inclusions in stiffer hosts to develop excess pressures, whereas a stiff silicate inclusion in a softer matrix will experience lower pressures than lithostatic pressure. The opposite effects occur for compression after entrapment on the prograde path. The excess pressures in inclusions, including allowance for mutual elastic relaxation of the host and inclusion, are most easily calculated by using the isomeke as a basis. Analysis of the simplest possible model of a host-inclusion system indicates that deviations from lithostatic pressure in excess of 1 GPa can be readily produced in quartz inclusions within garnets in metamorphic rocks. For softer host minerals such as feldspars the pressure deviations are smaller, because of greater elastic relaxation of the host. The maximum pressure deviation from lithostatic pressure in the host phase around the inclusion is one-third of the pressure deviation in the inclusion. Routines for performing these calculations have been added to the EosFit7c software package

Developing ethnic identity questions for Understanding Society

Ethnic identity, its formation, expression and consequences are sources of extensive discussion and debate within multicultural societies. Analysis of identity is increasingly finding its way into survey based analysis and is being explored by disciplines beyond psychology, and qualitative and theoretical sociology. However, effective and appropriate survey measures of ethnic identity that are suitable for inclusion in a general purpose sample survey and which allow estimation of change and development across the age range are in short supply. Here, we describe the process of development of a series of new ethnic identity questions, designed specifically for inclusion in Understanding Society but with applicability for longitudinal studies further afield. We detail the rationale for the development and the process by which the final set of questions was arrived at, and outline the implications for future research agendas

Non-linear autopilot design using the philosophy of variable transient response

The novel non-linear controller design methodology of Variable Transient Response (VTR) is presented in this research. The performance of VTR is compared to that of successful non-linear controller designs (such as Robust Inverse Dynamics Estimation and a traditional autopilot design) by application to a non-linear missile model. The simulated results of this application demonstrate that the inclusion of VTR into the RIDE design results in a 50% improvement in response time and 100% improvement in settling time whilst achieving stable and accurate tracking of a command input. Analysis demonstrates that VTR dynamically alters the system's damping, resulting in a non-linear response. The system stability is analysed during actuator saturation using non-linear stability criteria. The results of this analysis show that the inclusion of VTR into the RIDE design does not compromise non-linear system stability