In Vivo Measurement of Blood Clot Mechanics from Computational Fluid Dynamics based on Intravital Microscopy Images

Ischemia leading to heart attacks and strokes is the major cause of deaths in the world. Whether an occlusion occurs or not, depends on the ability of a growing thrombus to resist forces exerted on its structure. This manuscript provides the first known in vivo measurement of the stresses that clots can withstand, before yielding to the surrounding blood flow. Namely, Lattice-Boltzmann Method flow simulations are performed based on 3D clot geometries. The latter are estimated from intravital microscopy images of laser-induced injuries in cremaster microvasculature of live mice. In addition to reporting the blood clot yield stresses, we also show that the thrombus 'core' does not experience significant deformation, while its 'shell' does. This indicates that the latter is more prone to embolization. Hence, drugs should be designed to target the shell selectively, while leaving the core intact (to minimize excessive bleeding). Finally, we laid down a foundation for a nondimensionalization procedure, which unraveled a relationship between clot mechanics and biology. Hence, the proposed framework could ultimately lead to a unified theory of thrombogenesis, capable of explaining all clotting events. Thus, the findings presented herein will be beneficial to the understanding and treatment of heart attacks, strokes and hemophilia

Computational model of intraluminal thrombus growth in abdominal aortic aneurysms with fibrin generation

Abdominal aortic aneurysms affect 0.2% of the population and are closely associated with intraluminal thromboses (ILTs) that develop in the sac. Advanced imaging and treatment techniques are available, however there is room for improvement in the methods used to predict the outcome or necessity of surgical intervention. For a computational model to be useful in this clinical setting, it would need to incorporate relevant patient-specific data and prioritise simplicity and speed over exhaustive detail. This paper presents the details of such a model, for abdominal aortic aneurysms, particularly in the simplification of the coagulation biochemistry. Explicit modelling of the coagulation cascade is replaced with a patient-specific thrombin generation curve. This curve is defined by three values obtained from a blood test. Another key feature is the thrombosis growth model, which incorporates conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, variation between clot core and shell, and mechanical lysis. The model generates ILTs with morphologies visually similar to those typically found in the body, however more work is required to refine and validate the mode