Implementing and Evaluating a Wireless Body Sensor System for Automated Physiological Data Acquisition at Home

Advances in embedded devices and wireless sensor networks have resulted in new and inexpensive health care solutions. This paper describes the implementation and the evaluation of a wireless body sensor system that monitors human physiological data at home. Specifically, a waist-mounted triaxial accelerometer unit is used to record human movements. Sampled data are transmitted using an IEEE 802.15.4 wireless transceiver to a data logger unit. The wearable sensor unit is light, small, and consumes low energy, which allows for inexpensive and unobtrusive monitoring during normal daily activities at home. The acceleration measurement tests show that it is possible to classify different human motion through the acceleration reading. The 802.15.4 wireless signal quality is also tested in typical home scenarios. Measurement results show that even with interference from nearby IEEE 802.11 signals and microwave ovens, the data delivery performance is satisfactory and can be improved by selecting an appropriate channel. Moreover, we found that the wireless signal can be attenuated by housing materials, home appliances, and even plants. Therefore, the deployment of wireless body sensor systems at home needs to take all these factors into consideration.Comment: 15 page

Automated Home Oxygen Delivery for Patients with COPD and Respiratory Failure: A New Approach

Long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) has become standard care for the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other severe hypoxemic lung diseases. The use of new portable O-2 concentrators (POC) in LTOT is being expanded. However, the issue of oxygen titration is not always properly addressed, since POCs rely on proper use by patients. The robustness of algorithms and the limited reliability of current oximetry sensors are hindering the effectiveness of new approaches to closed-loop POCs based on the feedback of blood oxygen saturation. In this study, a novel intelligent portable oxygen concentrator (iPOC) is described. The presented iPOC is capable of adjusting the O-2 flow automatically by real-time classifying the intensity of a patient's physical activity (PA). It was designed with a group of patients with COPD and stable chronic respiratory failure. The technical pilot test showed a weighted accuracy of 91.1% in updating the O-2 flow automatically according to medical prescriptions, and a general improvement in oxygenation compared to conventional POCs. In addition, the usability achieved was high, which indicated a significant degree of user satisfaction. This iPOC may have important benefits, including improved oxygenation, increased compliance with therapy recommendations, and the promotion of PA

Distributed Computing and Monitoring Technologies for Older Patients

This book summarizes various approaches for the automatic detection of health threats to older patients at home living alone. The text begins by briefly describing those who would most benefit from healthcare supervision. The book then summarizes possible scenarios for monitoring an older patient at home, deriving the common functional requirements for monitoring technology. Next, the work identifies the state of the art of technological monitoring approaches that are practically applicable to geriatric patients. A survey is presented on a range of such interdisciplinary fields as smart homes, telemonitoring, ambient intelligence, ambient assisted living, gerontechnology, and aging-in-place technology. The book discusses relevant experimental studies, highlighting the application of sensor fusion, signal processing and machine learning techniques. Finally, the text discusses future challenges, offering a number of suggestions for further research directions

In the spotlight: Bioinstrumentation

金沢大学理工研究域機械工学

Revolutionizing Healthcare through Health Monitoring Applications with Wearable Biomedical Devices

The Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized the connectivity and communication of tangible objects, and it serves as a versatile and cost-effective solution in the healthcare sector, particularly in regions with limited healthcare infrastructure. This research explores the application of sensors such as LM35, AD8232, and MAX30100 for the detection of vital health indicators, including body temperature, pulse rate, electrocardiogram (ECG), and oxygen saturation levels, with data transmission through IoT cloud, offering real-time parameter access via an Android application for non-invasive remote patient monitoring. The study aims to expand healthcare services to various settings, such as hospitals, commercial areas, educational institutions, workplaces, and residential neighborhoods. After the COVID-19 pandemic, IoT-enabled continuous monitoring of critical health metrics such as temperature and pulse rate has become increasingly crucial for early illness detection and efficient communication with healthcare providers. Our low-cost wearable device, which includes ECG monitoring, aims to bridge the accessibility gap for people with limited financial resources, with the primary goal of providing efficient healthcare solutions to underserved rural areas while also contributing valuable data to future medical research. Our proposed system is a low-cost, high-efficiency solution that outperforms existing systems in healthcare data collection and patient monitoring. It improves access to vital health data and shows economic benefits, indicating a significant advancement in healthcare technology

Design And Development Of Spo2, Bpm, And Body Temperature For Monitoring Patient Conditions In Iot-Based Special Isolation Rooms

The use of batteries as the main power source in portable equipment systems has several drawbacks, including the percentage of battery power that must be monitored so that the system is always active. Analysis of battery power efficiency is needed to determine the resistance of portable systems. This study makes a portable system for monitoring the condition of patients with infectious diseases in a special isolation room that can measure heart rate, body temperature, and oxygen saturation. The design of this device uses a 2200mAH battery as a power source on the IC TTGO ESP32 to manage data and display measurement results, the MAX30102 sensor to measure oxygen saturation and heart rate, and the MCP9808 sensor to measure body temperature. The design of this device has been tested on respondents aged 25-40 years by placing the sensor on the fingertip then the measurement results are compared with a standard device that has been calibrated. The measurement results show that the device is feasible to use because the measurement error value is ±5%. Testing the efficiency of battery power in normal mode and save mode. In normal mode, the current used in the device is 154.9 mA, while the save mode by not activating the LCD TTGO ESP32 requires a current of 126.7 mA. The results of the analysis show that using the battery in normal mode can activate the device for up to ±14 hours and in save mode for ±17 hours. This designed method is useful for measuring power efficiency in different device modes and the user knows the battery charging time at regular intervals

Patient Monitoring Systems

book chapterBiomedical Informatic

A Survey Study of the Current Challenges and Opportunities of Deploying the ECG Biometric Authentication Method in IoT and 5G Environments

The environment prototype of the Internet of Things (IoT) has opened the horizon for researchers to utilize such environments in deploying useful new techniques and methods in different fields and areas. The deployment process takes place when numerous IoT devices are utilized in the implementation phase for new techniques and methods. With the wide use of IoT devices in our daily lives in many fields, personal identification is becoming increasingly important for our society. This survey aims to demonstrate various aspects related to the implementation of biometric authentication in healthcare monitoring systems based on acquiring vital ECG signals via designated wearable devices that are compatible with 5G technology. The nature of ECG signals and current ongoing research related to ECG authentication are investigated in this survey along with the factors that may affect the signal acquisition process. In addition, the survey addresses the psycho-physiological factors that pose a challenge to the usage of ECG signals as a biometric trait in biometric authentication systems along with other challenges that must be addressed and resolved in any future related research.