PhysioSim – A Full Hard- And Software Physiological Simulation Environment Applying A Hybrid Approach Based On Hierarchical Modeling Using Algebraic And Differential Systems and Dynamic Bayesian Networks

A system for physiological modeling and simulation is presented. The architecture is considering hardware and software support for real-time physiological simulators, which are very important for medical education and risk management. In contrary to other modeling methods, in this work the focus is to provide maximal modeling flexibility and extensibility. This is provided on the one hand by a hierarchical modeling notation in XML and on other hand by extending current methods by dynamic stochastic system modeling. Dynamic Bayesian Networks as well as deterministic system modeling by systems of algebraic and differential equations lead towards a sophisticated environment for medical simulation. Specific simulations of haemodynamics and physiological based pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are performed by the proposed methods, demonstrating the applicability of the approaches. In contrary to physiological modeling and analysis tools, for an educational simulator, the models have to be computed in real-time, which requires extensive design of the hardware and software architecture. For this purpose generic and extensible frameworks have been suggested and realized. All the components together lead to a novel physiological simulator environment, including a dummy, which emulates ECG, SaO2 and IBP vital signals in addition to software signal simulation. The modeling approaches with DBN are furthermore analyzed in the domains of psychological and physiological reasoning, which should be integrated into a common basis for medical consideration. Furthermore the system is used to show new concepts for dependable medical data monitoring, which are strongly related to physiological and psychological simulations

Implementing Interactive Applications in C++

This paper presents an object-oriented approach for the implementation of interactive systems. This approach applies the Model-View-Controller (MVC) paradigm, which is modified for the C++ environment. The modified paradigm is called MVC++. In this approach the design of interactive applications starts by constructing an object model that represents the key concepts of the problem domain. This object model does not contain any user interface elements. According to the MVC++ approach, the object model is called the model part of the application. Only after the model part has been created, the user interface is designed. A collection of user interface classes is called the view. The classes that connect the model and the view form the controller, which is designed to communicate with both the model and the view. The approach presented in this paper provides a number of benefits. Advantages of the original MVC approach are obtained in a standard C++ environment, the structure of applicati..