Identification of Granite Varieties from Colour Spectrum Data

The granite processing sector of the northwest of Spain handles many varieties of granite with specific technical and aesthetic properties that command different prices in the natural stone market. Hence, correct granite identification and classification from the outset of processing to the end-product stage optimizes the management and control of stocks of granite slabs and tiles and facilitates the operation of traceability systems. We describe a methodology for automatically identifying granite varieties by processing spectral information captured by a spectrophotometer at various stages of processing using functional machine learning techniques

Quartz-amethyst hosted hydrocarbon-bearing fluid inclusions from the green ridge breccia in the snoqualmie granite, North Cascades,WA, USA

We wish to acknowledge the constructive criticisms made by the three anonymous reviewers.Their suggestions and comments greatly improved the first version of the manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

The nature of hydrothermal fluids associated with granite-hosted, polymetallic mineralisation in the Eastern lobe of the bushveld complex

A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of PhD in Geology600'C to 4000' C), and resulted in the formation of orthomagmatic cassiterite, scheelite and an early generation of fluorite. At lower temperatures (200°C<T<400°C), where processes were essentially fluid dominated, a mesothermal Cu-Pb-Zn-As-Ag-Au assemblage was deposited (exemplified by the Spoedwel, Boschhoek and Albert copper and silver deposits). A third episode of mineralisation resulted in the formation of an Fe-U-F assemblage and is recognised at several, but not necessanly all, of the deposits examined (for example, the Albert silver deposit). The extended nature of this three-stage paragenetic sequence is considered to reflect widespread mixing between an early fluid derived by H20-saturation of the granitic magma and an external meteoric/connate fluid, circulation of which was stimulated by the long-lived high heat-productive capacity of the Bushveld granites, as well as exhumation of the metallotect; The early high-temperature Sn/W assemblage was precipitated while magmatic fluids dominated the system. With time, the pluton cooled and was subject to regional uplift. Fractures developed, acting as conduits for external fluids of meteoric and/or connate origin. The late magmatic fluids, enriched in incompatible metals (and volatiles), interacted with the latter fluid, resulting in the localised precipitation of a secondary, lower-temperature mineral assemblage (Cu-Pb-Zn) in the zone of fluid mixing. As the external fluid component became progressively more dominant, the paragenesis changed, forming the :final Fe-U-F assemblage. The formation of these three different, temporally separate assemblages is adequately explained in terms of a fluid mixing model, wherein the concentration ofmetaIs and localisation of ore deposits are controlled by lithology and structure.Andrew Chakane 201

Experimental characterization of physicochemical and geological properties of granite from Olowu, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

Understanding of the nature and chemistry of valuable minerals in our environment is an asset for maximum exploitation for human need. The physicochemical and geological properties of natural rock samples from Egbeda, Oyo State, Nigeria were studied to categorize the rock samples and to establish their potential applications. The rock samples were characterized using various techniques including XRD, XRF, FTIR, SEM/EDS, TAS plot, BET and water absorption properties. Physicochemical and geological properties confirmed the sample to be granite with low water absorption capacity. The granite is a potential raw material that can be used for exterior walls, interior walls, floor tiles and kitchen walls

Studies of progressive tourmalisation at selected localities in Southwest England

Imperial Users onl

Characterization of the new diamonds coming from Central African Republic

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Imagistic Technique and Fractal Analysis - Investigations Mechanisms of the Morphological and Temporal Variability of the Wheat Cultures

The dynamic analysis of the vegetal carpet and of the vegetal cultures, presenting high interest for the management of natural balances and of agricultural systems efficiency. The fractal analysis has been used for the assessment of the morphological and temporal variability within the Triticum aestivum L. ssp. Vulgare species, in four cultivars of non-awned wheat (Avenue, Pitbull, GK Koros and Illico) and 6 awned cultivars (GK Rozi, PG 101, GK Bekes, GK 102, Antonius și Stefanus). The study has been performed in three different vegetation stages: Growth stage 3 - Stem elongation, code 33 BBCH; Growth stage 6 - Flowering, anthesis, code 69 BBCH,and Growth stage 9 - Senescence, code 99 BBCH. The fractal dimensions have been between 1.879 ± 0.067 and 1.963 ± 0.046. From the perspective of the variability induced by cultivars, two distinct clusters have resulted, GNA cluster including the non-awned cultivars (C1-C4) and a second cluster, GA including the awned cultivars (C5-C10) and subclusters depending on the similarity of cultivars. From the point of view of the temporal variability the obvious difference of Growth stage 9 (99 BBCH code), with the variation coefficient within the fractal dimenssion CV9 = 1.448 ± 0.005 (p < 0.01). The fractal dimension obtained using the digital images can be useful for the dissociation of awned / non-awneed cultivars, but only the higher stages of wheat development. It is also useful for the delimitation of wheat development stages

Attempted Identification of Causal Constituents of Pink Discolouration in White Wines

The pinking phenomenon has been known in the wine world for the past 50 years. The phenomenonoccurs when a white wine turns pink under certain conditions. Since then, a Portuguese study foundmalvidin-3-O-glucoside in Siria grapes making a connection to anthocyanin as the causing agent. Control(K), naturally pinked (NP) and pink induced (PI) Sauvignon blanc wine samples were analysed by LCMSand WineScanTM (Fourier Transform Infrared – FTIR) after Solid Phase Extraction. The monomericanthocyanins were analysed by a pH differential method, and CieLab was used to differentiate colourdifferences between the control and pinked samples. It was found that malvidin-3-O-glucoside was belowthe threshold values to facilitate pinking in Sauvignon blanc wines. Petunidin-3-O-glucoside showed aslight peak in the LC-MS analysis, and together with the malvidin-3-O-glucoside, the potential to pinkthe white wines increased. FTIR results showed that phenols and anthocyanins absorption could not bedistinguished and that there were possibly other compounds involved in the pinking of white wines. Analysisby CieLab expressed the PI wines as a darker pink colour than the control wine and the absorbency valueat 500 nm was at least three times higher for PI than the control, showing the aggressive oxidative natureof H2O2 on wine