Epidemiología de los subtipos de ictus en pacientes hospitalizados atendidos por neurólogos: Resultados del registro EPICES (I)

Trabajo publicado por Arías Rivas, Vivancos Mora y José Castillo, en nombre de los investigadores del registro EPICESIntroducción. Los registros basados en las poblaciones hospitalizadas son una forma válida para estimar el número de ictus y sus características que presenta una determinada población. Los diferentes tipos de ictus difieren en su incidencia y pronóstico, por lo que el conocimiento de su historia natural es imprescindible. Objetivo. Determinar la incidencia de los subtipos de ictus y la prevalencia de sus factores de riesgo. Pacientes y métodos. El EPICES es un registro observacional, multicéntrico y prospectivo de la totalidad de los pacientes con ictus ingresados en los hospitales públicos participantes bajo una atención neurológica. Se incluyeron 6.197 pacientes entre abril de 2008 y enero de 2009. El 57,2% fueron hombres y la edad media fue de 71,4 ± 12,8 años. Resultados. El 12,4% presentó una hemorragia intracerebral y el 87,6% un ictus isquémico. 1.543 (28,4%) se diagnosticaron de ictus aterotrombótico, 1.424 (26,2%) cardioembólico, 1.202 (22,5%) lacunar y 1.125 (20,7%) de etiología indeterminada. Un 2,4% fueron ictus de etiología poco frecuente. La hipertensión fue el factor de riesgo más prevalente en el ictus isquémico (67%) y en la hemorragia intracerebral (69,1%). Los diferentes tipos de ictus isquémicos y hemorrágicos presentaron diferencias en la prevalencia de los factores de riesgo. Conclusiones. La distribución de los tipos de ictus fue similar a la de los países de nuestro entorno. Las prevalencias de los factores de riesgo difieren en los diversos tipos, aunque la hipertensión permanece como el factor de riesgo modificable más importanteEl registro EPICES fue patrocinado por Pfizer Españ

Fault Localization Models in Debugging

Debugging is considered as a rigorous but important feature of software engineering process. Since more than a decade, the software engineering research community is exploring different techniques for removal of faults from programs but it is quite difficult to overcome all the faults of software programs. Thus, it is still remains as a real challenge for software debugging and maintenance community. In this paper, we briefly introduced software anomalies and faults classification and then explained different fault localization models using theory of diagnosis. Furthermore, we compared and contrasted between value based and dependencies based models in accordance with different real misbehaviours and presented some insight information for the debugging process. Moreover, we discussed the results of both models and manifested the shortcomings as well as advantages of these models in terms of debugging and maintenance.Comment: 58-6

Spectrophotometry for cerebrospinal fluid pigment analysis

The use of spectrophotometry for the analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is reviewed. The clinically relevant CSF pigments--oxyhemoglobin and bilirubin--are introduced and discussed with regard to clinical differential diagnosis and potentially confounding variables (the four T's: traumatic tap, timing, total protein, and total bilirubin). The practical laboratory aspects of spectrophotometry and automated techniques are presented in the context of analytical and clinical specificity and sensitivity. The perceptual limitations of human color vision are highlighted and the use of visual assessment of the CSF is discouraged in light of recent evidence from a national audit in the United Kingdom. Finally, future perspectives including the need for longitudinal CSF profiling and routine spectrophotometric calibration are outlined

Color, Bacteria, and Mosquito Eggs as Ovipositional Attractants for \u3ci\u3eAedes Aegypti\u3c/i\u3e and \u3ci\u3eAedes Albopictus\u3c/i\u3e (Diptera: Culicidae)

Selected bacterial washes, color, and mosquito eggs were comparatively examined as ovipositional attractants for Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Any evidence of additive activity was noted. All colored washes alone were preferred over selected bacterial washes. The combinations of color and bacteria in a single wash were better attractants for oviposition than colored washes alone. The bacterial content of the breeding water was a more important factor than egg presence in oviposition site selection

Ischemia cerebrale e patologie neurodegenerative: potenziali target farmacologici per la progettazione di molecole multitarget

Per “ischemia cerebrale” si intende la mancanza assoluta o parziale di sangue a livello di una regione del cervello; se questo si verifica, le cellule cerebrale nell’area colpita soffrono di una deprivazione di ossigeno e nutrienti e di conseguenza vanno incontro a morte. L’ischemia a livello del cervello è detto ictus (dal latino”colpo”) ; è una patologia molto grave e va considerato anche il fatto che è la prima causa di invalidità permanente e la terza causa di morte nei Paesi industrializzati. Esistono 2 tipi di ictus: -Ictus ischemico (80% dei casi) ; esso è dovuto all’occlusione di un vaso a seguito di trombosi (25%) o di un’embolia (70%) -Ictus emorragico (15% dei casi) ; dovuto alla rottura di un’arteria cerebral

The Effects of Human Capital on Output Growth in ICT Industries: Evidence from OECD Countries

Information and communication technologies (ICT) play a central role in the transition to knowledge - based economies. In this paper we analyse the effects of human capital in fostering output growth in ICT manufacturing and services using data from a sample of twenty OECD countries over the period 1980-2002. We focus on within country between industry differences and estimate a system of simultaneous equations to account for simultaneous effects of human capital on physical investment and output growth. The results of our econometric analysis suggest that countries with a high human capital stock experienced faster output growth in ICT producing manufacturing and ICT using services. Also, in countries with high human capital improvement over the analysed period output grew relatively faster in ICT producing manufacturing industries. Furthermore, we find that past country level educational attainment reflected in the human capital stock and human capital accumulation over the analysed period had a direct positive and significant effect on physical capital investment. Our findings indicate that in developed countries human capital is an important factor driving the ICT industries growth.DYNREG, Human capital, ICT industries, Economic growth

Código ictus

35 páginasTrabajo de Curso de Experto Universitario en Medicina de Urgencias y Emergencias (2013). Tutor: Francisco Temboury Ruiz. El ictus es una urgencia neurológica que exige un tratamiento precoz y una asistencia hospitalaria, al disponer de medidas terapéuticas eficaces. Se ha demostrado que la aplicación de medidas generales del tratamiento prehospitalario y hospitalario ha reducido de forma considerable su mortalidad y sus secuelas. A esto hay que añadir los beneficios de las medidas específicas, como la atención precoz por neurólogos expertos en unidades o equipos de ictus, o la utilización de fármacos trombolíticos en las primeras horas, dentro de la llamada ventana terapéutica, cuando el área de penumbra isquémica es un tejido cerebral potencialmente salvable. Esto obliga a coordinar los diferentes niveles asistenciales para asegurar el mínimo tiempo de respuesta que permita la evaluación y el tratamiento en el medio hospitalario. En este sentido, se ha mostrado útil la implantación del llamado "código ictus" para coordinar el servicio extrahospitalario de transporte urgente con el servicio hospitalario de Urgencias y de Neurología (unidad de ictus) o en su defecto equipo de ictus

The diversity and floral hosts of bees at the Archbold Biological Station, Florida (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)

A list is provided of 113 species of bees and their 157 known floral hosts at the Archbold Biological Station(ABS), a 2105 ha site on the Lake Wales Ridge in Highlands County in south-central Florida. This is more species than might be expected at a single site so far south in Florida, based on previous studies in the Miami area and Everglades National Park, but fewer species than would be expected in an upland area of similar size with open habitats in north Florida, the mid-Atlantic states, or the upper Midwest. The small size of the fauna might be correlated with the absence of species that require a cold period in their life cycle, those that require clay or other heavy soils, those that require mesic woodlands and those that require abundant host plants in certain groups that are poorly represented on the ABS, such as Rosaceae. The natural history of southeastern bees is not known in enough detail to ascribe these causes to the individual species that are missing from the ABS fauna. In terms of bee taxa, the relatively small diversity at this site can be mainly attributed to a very poor representation of the genus Andrena (3 species), a poor representation of the genus Lasioglossum (13 species), and a poor representation of the entire family Apidae (22 species). The bee fauna of the ABS is mostly composed of species that occur (or may be expected to occur) through much of the southeastern Coastal Plain, combined with species that are widely distributed in eastern North America. In addition to these elements, there appear to be at least a few species or populations that may be relics of the dry savannahs that stretched across southern North America in parts of the Pleistocene or in the late Pliocene. There is only one species that appears to have come up from tropical Florida or the West Indies. There is no evidence that there are plants that are dependent on single bee species at the ABS, but certain buzz-pollinated plants may rely on only a few species of Bombus. A few species of bees appear to be oligolectic; their host plants, however, are visited by a wide variety of bees and other insects. Bees at the ABS belong to four conspicuous mimetic complexes: metallic green; black with a red abdomen; black with red bands and spots; black with yellow bands and spots. Most ABS bees do not have any warning coloration that is conspicuous to human eyes. There is only one exotic bee on the site, the European honey bee. This lack of a large exotic component in the fauna contrasts with the situation in the ants, of which about one fourth are introduced. Honey bees are often extremely abundant, and possibly dominate nectar and pollen resources in ways that are disruptive to native bees. Although it is easy to observe individual honey bees displacing individual native bees on flowers, there are no data on the ecological effects of honey bees on native pollinators at the ABS. About one quarter ofthe bee species (26) are parasitic species that depend on other species to gather nectar and pollen. This proportion of parasitic species is similar to some other well-studied sites in temperate North America, and is higher than the proportion found in tropical areas