Analisis Hukum terhadap Kewajiban Sertifikasi ISPO (Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil) dalam Kaitannya dengan Pertumbuhan Investasi di Indonesia (Studi pada PT Rea Kaltim Plantation – Jakarta)

Both Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) and the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) are equally defined as a palm oil certification system that adheres to the principles of sustainable and environmentally growth for all plantation company. RSPO certification is a voluntary that differs from the ISPO which is compulsory (mandatory). ISPO obligations arises from the enactment of the Minister of Agriculture No. 19/Permentan/OT.140/3/2011 Guidelines on Sustainable Palm Oil Indonesia. For PT Rea Kaltim Plantation, as an RSPO certified and has obtained another sustainable and environmental certification, the obligation to implement ISPO regulation become the polemic since such regulation will obligated PT Rea Kaltim Plantation neither from the financial nor for the government aspect. Eventually, the status of the ISPO should be analyzed, since there is an argument that ISPO has no legal binding/legal force, meanwhile, according to the Agriculture Ministry which stated that the ISPO regulation is binding and has legal force, therefore, every Indonesian palm oil companies should become the subject to such requirement. ISPO legislation is binding by law because under the Article 8, paragraph (2) of Law No. 12 2011, states that the rules can be established by such authority. ISPO requirement is established by the duties and authority of the Ministry of Agriculture and therefore this requirement has any legal binding/legal force that set up for it. The higher legislation, equal to the Presidential Decree should be released in ordered to established ISPO requirement; the failure of the Government in promoting ISPO certification must be addressed; In addition of oversight the regulation of ISPO, the Indonesian oil palm companies should remained firm and commit in applying ISPO certification and. Keywords : Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO), Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) Regulation, and Legal Position ISPO Regulatio

Prospek dan Tantangan Petani Kelapa Sawit Swadaya di Desa Air Hitam Kecamatan Ukui Kabupaten Pelalawan dalam Menghadapi Sertifikasi ISPO

Increasing demand for palm oil and palm oil derivative products has triggered demand for oil palm fruit. This phenomena has been responded by Indonesian oil palm growers by increasing oil palm production through land expansi on. Land expansion has been claimed as the source of deforestation, land degradation, biodiversity loss, greenhouse gas emission, and land conflicts. The Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil has been established to promote sustainable oil palm production. However, the implementation of the certification program face various problem, especially at the smallholder levels. The objective of this study is to analyze the performance of independent oil palm smallholders, to assess the application of good agricultural practices in relation with the ISPO standards and to analyses prospects and chalenges toward certification ISPO. The study use agribusiness income analyses, scaling method to measure the smallholders practices based on the ISPO standard and descriptive method to analyze prospects and chalenges faced by smallholders to obtain ISPO certification. The result shows that the oil palm smallholder profits on average are above the regional wage standard. However, the smallholders compliance to the ISPO standards is only 43.5%. Certification ISPO would promote better acces to independent smalholder in market acces, financial acces and endorse sustainable production of oil palm. However, independent oil palm smallholers face various chalenges to obtain certificate of ISPO. This figure shows that there will be lots of effort to be done to get the ISPO certification

Transfer of the Asian model of oil palm development: from Indonesia to Cameroon

Agricultural expansion to the detriment of natural forest is a well-known cause and consequence of economic development. Boom crops are exported cash crops developing very quickly in a region, in answer to a high demand on the international market. They may be brought by huge projects generally involving partnerships between governments and agribusiness companies. The livelihoods impacts on local peoples raise concerns among outsiders, who point at the risks of unfairness, manipulation and abuses of the population; examples abound in the oil palm sector in Indonesia, and in rubber development in Southeast China and Laos. Another major concern is the direct consequence of rapid conversion of large areas into plantations, which can have a direct impact on local people's access to land, and can induce the displacement of food crop production, and cause direct or indirect deforestation. Oil palm development in Southeast Asia is the most recent and noteworthy boom crop. Based on literature review, qualitative information gathered during a sharing and learning workshop and speech analysis, and the authors' experience of oil palm development in Indonesia, the paper questions the impacts that a transfer of the Asian model of oil palm development to Cameroon might have. (Résumé d'auteur

The keys to reduce environmental impacts of palm oil

Oil palm is largely criticised for its impact on the environment. According to Life Cycle Assessment studies, the agricultural stage proved to be a major contributor to most of the potential environmental impacts, notably global warming, eutrophication and acidification. Focusing on global warming impact, main contributors are land use change and peat cultivation, N-related GHG emissions from fertilisers and residues in the plantation and methane emissions from palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment. Impact from POME can be drastically reduced if POME is used for composting or if the biogas from anaerobic treatment is captured with electricity recovery. However, the impact from the plantation establishment becomes overwhelming when forests or peatland areas are converted to palm plantations. Oil palm plantations have significantly driven deforestation in Indonesia, together with logging and mining. It remains the most important agricultural driver despite the governmental moratorium and the certification schemes in place since 2011 and 2007; respectively. In order to protect primary forests and peatlands, which is absolutely mandatory to avoid irreversible carbon and biodiversity losses, it is paramount to define a sustainable land planning at national and landscape levels, as well as to implement agroecological practices in the plantations in order to sustainably increase yields and limit further land clearing

RSPO, ISPO and Global Environmental Governance: an English School Perspective

This is a theoretical and conceptual review focusing the role and influence of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in global environmental governance (GEG). This research will use the case of the relationship between Indonesia Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) and Roundtable Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO). RSPO is established in 2004 acted as private self-regulation in standard setting of palm oil trade in accordance with global environmental conservation values. In 2011, Government of Indonesia established ISPO to compete with RSPO. This research aimed to contribute to the development of theory of environmental studies of English School through the reformulation of pluralism and solidarism and to understand the relationship between pluralism and solidarism. This research has three conclusion. Firstly, despite RSPO and ISPO have different characters and procedures but they have similarities in achieving betterment in environmental protection. Secondly, based on the difference between RSPO and ISPO, this research reformulate pluralism and solidarism\u27s contribution toward environmental studies of English School. Thirdly, global environmental governance is possible to be the middle way concept capturing the coexistence between pluralism and solidarism

Ispo Certification and Indonesian Oil Palm Competitiveness in Global Market: Smallholder Challenges Toward ISPO Certification

Certification becomes a prerequisite for tradable products to get legality and access to global market. Each tradable product can choose certificate according to its market destination. However, the application of certification standards are very low in both international (RSPO and ISCC) and domestic (ISPO) standards. This study was focused on the ISPO certification. How large is the gap between current practices and ISPO standard? What are factors that affect adoption of ISPO certification? Does ISPO deliver more access to market for oil palm smallholders? Do smallholders have adequate capacity to meet ISPO standard? These questions have been assessed and discussed in this paper to find answer and alternative way out for smallholders to meet the ISPO standard. The objective of this study is to assess capacity and willingness of oil palm independent smallholders to meet the standard of ISPO certification. This study was conducted in Pelalawan District, Riau Province using a survey method. The result shows that a number of barriers are faced by smallholders to obtain ISPO certification while the opportunity to get better access to local and global market is still uncertain. The adoption of ISPO certificate was influenced by farmers’ knowledge on agricultural practices, business  legality, household income, and land-size

The endless palm oil debate: Science-based solutions beyond controversies

Opinionated and controversial debates currently dominate the public discourse on oil palm cultivation. The outstanding economic potential for the palm oil industry, from large plantations to small producers and for the development of poor countries stand in stark contrast to social and environmental impacts together with threat on sensitive tropical ecosystems. The present article focuses on the objectification of the sometimes ideological and irrational discussions on the cultivation of oil palm. Scientists are encouraged to participate in order to avoid the dissemination of simplified correlations and to promote a public discourse based on verified sources and evidence. The direct connection between oil palm plantations and deforestation belongs to this category of quick and simple statements. Various industrial and agricultural sectors, including palm oil, as well as several illegal activities share the responsibility for deforestation and environmental degradation in tropical areas. In order to ensure that the palm oil sector's share of deforestation is reduced to a minimum will be soon lowered to zero, several sustainability initiatives have been launched in recent years, most notably the RSPO (Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil) and national approaches by the two largest palm oil producing countries, namely Indonesia and Malaysia. An increasing number of stakeholders are taking part in these mostly voluntary initiatives and are pushing them further, based on even clearer and more stringent criteria. These are for example POIG (Palm Oil Innovation Group) and RSPO Next. To simply boycott palm oil will not solve any of the most urgent problems. First, this would promote the cultivation of alternative crops, which on the one hand provide less oil yield per hectare and on the other hand do not necessarily have a better ecological and social balance. And second, the demand for sustainably produced palm oil on the world would collapse, because only western markets actually demand certified sustainable palm oil. Indeed a boycott of palm oil would promote the emergence on non-certified palm oil thus having the opposite effect to what is actually urgent to be achieved. (Résumé d'auteur

Impact of Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) Certification to Environmental Behavior of Palm Oil Plantation Companies

In order to realize sustainable palm oil plantations and to overcome negative impacts of it, Indonesian government has required Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) certification to palm oil plantation companies. After 10 years of implementation, it is important to know the impact of ISPO certification on environmental behavior of palm oil plantation companies, especially related to deforestation and land fires. Using qualitative method, this study investigates environmental behavior changes in seven palm oil plantation company related to deforestation, and land fires as results of ISPO certification and to analyze the cause of the changes. This study showed that the implementations of ISPO certification are able to change the company's environmental behavior to reduce forest conversion in concession areas and increase conservation areas as a fulfillment of ISPO principles and criteria. The change of those company’s environmental behavior caused by the pressure to issue ISPO regulation, the influence of the company's internal stakeholders in responding and understanding ISPO, and encouragement to get easy finance  access from banks