Echocardiographic evaluation of velocity ratio, velocity time integral ratio, and pulmonary valve area in dogs with pulmonary valve stenosis.

BackgroundVelocity ratio, velocity time integral (VTI) ratio, and pulmonary valve area indexed to body surface area (iPVA) are methods of assessment of pulmonary valve stenosis (PS) severity that are less dependent on blood flow. Studies evaluating these methods are limited.ObjectivesTo determine the effects of butorphanol, atenolol, and balloon valvuloplasty (BV) on velocity ratio, VTI ratio, iPVA, mean PG, and max PG.AnimalsTwenty-seven dogs with PS (max PG >50 mm Hg).MethodsProspective study. All dogs underwent an echocardiogram at baseline, 5-minutes after administration of butorphanol (0.2-0.25 mg/kg IV), and 2-to-4 weeks after atenolol (1-1.5 mg/kg q12h). Twenty-one of these were evaluated 24-hours after BV.ResultsThere were no significant differences (P > .05) amongst any of the methods of assessment of PS severity after butorphanol. After atenolol, mean (SD) of mean (57.0 [21.0] mm Hg) and max PG (93.1 [33.8] mm Hg) were significantly decreased (P ≤ .047) compared with baseline (65.2 [26.2] mm Hg and 108 [44.4] mm Hg, respectively). After atenolol, there were no significant (P ≥ .12) differences in velocity ratio (0.29 [0.09]), VTI ratio (0.18 [0.05]), or iPVA (0.43 [0.16] cm2 /m2 ) compared with baseline (0.30 [0.09], 0.19 [0.09], 0.44 [0.17] cm2 /m2 , respectively).Conclusions and clinical importanceAtenolol might reduce mean and max PG but does not alter less flow-dependent methods of assessment of PS severity (velocity ratio, VTI ratio, and iPVA) in dogs with PS. Results support an integrative approach to assessment of PS severity that includes less flow-dependent methods, particularly in states of altered flow or right ventricular function

Young people's online and face-to-face experiences of interpersonal violence and abuse and its subjective impact across five European countries

Objective: This paper explores the experiences and interconnection of young people’s online and offline (face-to-face) experiences of interpersonal violence and abuse (IPVA) victimization across 5 European countries (i.e., Bulgaria, Cyprus, England, Italy and Norway) and its subjective impact. Evidence on the association between online and offline forms of IPVA in young people’s relationships remains rare and even fewer studies address the subjective impact of these experiences. To our knowledge this is the first study to address these issues within a European context. Method: As part of a wider mixed-method study, a school-based survey was completed with 4,564 young people aged 14–17 across 5 European countries. Results: The findings showed that IPVA through new technologies, especially controlling behavior and surveillance, represented a common aspect of IPVA behaviors across the 5 country samples. There was a substantial intersection between online and offline forms of IPVA. In 3 of the 5 country samples, IPVA prevalence rates were not significantly associated with gender. However, for each form of IPVA studied, the reported subjective impact was gendered: Girls reported greater negative impact than boys. Conclusion: Our research showed that youth programs aimed at preventing or responding to adolescent IPVA need to pay careful attention to how new technologies are used within young people’s relationships and the ways in which these experiences may be differentiated by gender

Inter-personal Violence and Abuse in Adolescent Intimate Relationships: Mental Health Impact and Implications for Practice

This paper provides a narrative review of the knowledge on interpersonal violence and abuse (IPVA) in adolescents’ intimate relationships. It draws on the authors’ own research, published reviews and a rapid review on IPVA victimisation and mental health outcomes for adolescents. The research reviewed identified associations between adolescent IPVA and substance misuse, depressive symptoms and PTSD, eating disorders and suicidal thinking and behaviour in young people. Generally, girls appeared more likely to report severemental health outcomes than boys. Adolescents rarely disclose IPVA to adults and delivering preventative programmes that promote knowledge and help seeking may offer a means of building on young people’s tendency to seek help from friends. These preventative interventions, usually delivered in schools, need to be closely linked to support services for adolescents who disclose abuse. While there are some practice examples of emerging interventions for both victims and perpetrators of adolescent IPVA, there is as yet little robust evidence regarding their effectiveness

Gulf Views: Toward a Better Understanding of Viewshed Scope in Hedonic Property Models

This study examines the influence of Gulf of Mexico views on residential home sales prices in Pinellas County, Florida. We utilize Light Detection and Ranging (lidar) data to construct four continuous measures of Gulf of Mexico views – the total view, the maximum view segment, the mean view segment, and proximity to view content. Our results illustrate that residential property owners have a higher marginal willingness-to-pay for larger total views and larger continuous view segments. Results also indicate that the proximity of homes to the view content influences view valuations. Key Words:

Factor structure and validation of Controlling Behaviour Scale-Revised and Revised Conflict Tactics Scale

Recently, more attention is being paid to controlling behaviors within a continuum of intimate partner violence and abuse. However, it is unclear whether current scales are sufficiently valid to measure such behaviors. The current study assessed the factor structure and reliability of the revised Controlling Behaviors Scale (CBS-R) and the revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2). Data were gathered from a U.K. general population sample ( N = 405). Confirmatory factor analyses were carried out on the CTS2 and the CBS-R, for both perpetration and victimization items, using the weighted least squares estimation with mean adjustment method. Multiple factor models were confirmed in the analysis of the CBS-R and CTS2 for perpetration and victimization items. Reliabilities for the factors were satisfactory across both scales. This is the first validation of the factor structure of the CBS-R and the findings suggests that this a valid and reliable scale for measuring controlling behaviors. </jats:p

A constitucionalidade da incidência do Imposto sobre a Propriedade de Veículos Automotores - IPVA - sobre embarcações e aeronaves

TCC(graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências Jurídicas. Direito.A presente monografia tem por objeto analisar a constitucionalidade da incidência do Imposto sobre a Propriedade de Veículos Automotores sobre embarcações e aeronaves. Essa temática já foi motivo de ponderação pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal, notadamente nos Recursos Extraordinários n. 134.509-8/AM, n. 255.111-2/SP e n. 379.572-4/RJ, o qual concluiu pela não incidência do referido imposto sobre embarcações e aeronaves. O que se pretende demonstrar, no presente estudo, é o equívoco no entendimento da Corte Suprema, pois o julgamento deu extrema relevância aos aspectos históricos e a escolhas políticas acerca do Imposto sobre a Propriedade de Veículos Automotores, em detrimento da interpretação mais adequada e da análise sistêmica do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro sobre o tema

Pornography, sexual coercion and abuse and sexting in young people’s intimate relationships: A European study

New technology has made pornography increasingly accessible to young people, and a growing evidence base has identified a relationship between viewing pornography and violent or abusive behavior in young men. This article reports findings from a large survey of 4,564 young people aged 14 to 17 in five European countries which illuminate the relationship between regular viewing of online pornography, sexual coercion and abuse and the sending and receiving of sexual images and messages, known as “sexting.” In addition to the survey, which was completed in schools, 91 interviews were undertaken with young people who had direct experience of interpersonal violence and abuse in their own relationships. Rates for regularly viewing online pornography were very much higher among boys and most had chosen to watch pornography. Boys’ perpetration of sexual coercion and abuse was significantly associated with regular viewing of online pornography. Viewing online pornography was also associated with a significantly increased probability of having sent sexual images/messages for boys in nearly all countries. In addition, boys who regularly watched online pornography were significantly more likely to hold negative gender attitudes. The qualitative interviews illustrated that, although sexting is normalized and perceived positively by most young people, it has the potential to reproduce sexist features of pornography such as control and humiliation. Sex and relationships education should aim to promote a critical understanding of pornography among young people that recognizes its abusive and gendered values

Images across Europe: The sending and receiving of sexual images and associations with interpersonal violence in young people's relationships

This article explores young people's experiences of sending and receiving sexual images and text messages (sexting) within their interpersonal relationships and the contexts in which this occurs. The article uses data from a recent Daphne funded project ‘Safeguarding teenagers' intimate relationships’ (STIR) involving a survey with 4564 young people aged between 14 and 17 in a number of schools across five countries in Europe. Findings reveal that experiences of sexting vary by country and gender. The study also found that young people who reported victimisation in their relationships were more likely to have sent a sext message than those who had not. The article points to the need for a more nuanced understanding of the varied contexts and experiences around sexting in order to better develop policy, practice and education in this area

A EXPANSÃO DA CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR E O IMPACTO SOBRE A ARRECADAÇÃO FISCAL DOS MUNICÍPIOS PAULISTAS

Observa-se no período recente um forte crescimento da produção de etanol e açúcar, fato que vem se refletindo no uso crescente da terra pela cana-de-açúcar. Este processo vem ocorrendo com maior intensidade no estado de São Paulo, fazendo com que vários municípios se tornem cada vez mais dependentes dessa cultura. Com base nisso, a questão que se coloca é como os municípios podem se beneficiar dessa expansão, sendo necessária, então, a análise de pontos como o impacto na arrecadação fiscal, objetivo deste trabalho. Para tanto, foram estimados vários modelos em painel de efeitos fixos, corrigidos para heteroscedasticidade e autocorrelação, que tem como variáveis dependentes a arrecadação per capita do ISSQN, ICMS, IPVA e IPTU. Os dados, extraídos da Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional, do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística e de informações extraídas na União da Indústria de Cana-de-açúcar e da União dos Produtores de Bioenergia confirmaram, principalmente no caso do ISSQN, as expectativas de uma relação positiva entre arrecadação per capita e participação de cana-de-açúcar na lavoura municipal, evidenciando o impacto quando da presença de usinas. ------------------A strong growth in sugar and ethanol production had been developed recently, which reflected clearly the land use by sugarcane. This process is more intense in the state of São Paulo and, due to it, several cities are becoming really dependent of this fieldwork. Based on that, the point here is how cities can take advantage of this expansion requiring, though, the analysis of issues such as its impact on fiscal collection, aim of this work. To perform it, a fixed effect panel data model was estimated considering the presence of heteroskedasticity and serial autocorrelation in the resids having as dependent variables per capita ISSQN, ICMS, IPVA and IPTU collection. The data, obtained in Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, União da Indústria de Cana-de-açúcar and União dos Produtores de Bioenergia, has confirmed, especially in the ISSQN case, the expectations of a positive relation between per capita fiscal collection and the amount of sugarcane planted in municipal fieldwork, emphasizing its impact in the presence of ethanol and sugar factories.Setor sucroalcooleiro. Arrecadação fiscal. Cana-de-açúcar. Dados em painel. Sugarcane sector. Fiscal collection. Sugarcane. Panel data., Crop Production/Industries, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,