The Application of the IMB Model as Primary Prevention on Adolescent\u27s Premarital Sexual Intention

Previous studies showed the information, motivation, and behavioral skills (IMB) model could be used to predict and prevent reducing sexual risk behaviors. This paper examines the effectiveness of IMB interventions in reducing adolescent\u27s premarital sexual intentions. A quasy experimental nonequivalent pretest-posttest control group design was conducted among 250 students in 20 secondary schools in Pontianak with intervention IMB models and 100 students in the control group. There was a significant differences of information (delta mean = 3.008; 95% CI = 2.329 to 3.687; p value = 0.0001), motivation (delta mean = 1.532; 95% CI = 0.846 to 2.218; p value = 0, 0001), and skills to refuse or delay premarital sexual behavior (delta mean = 1.604; 95% CI = 0.629 to 2.579; p value = 0.001) on adolescents between before and after the application of the IMB model in secondary students in pontianak, Indonesia. In addition, there were significant differences intention adolescents in the control group and the experimental between before and after the IMB intervention (p value < 0.05). IMB model could be applied as primary prevention on adolescent\u27s premarital sexual intention through integration in school subjects. It is needed a support and debriefing skills in teachers

Electron-hole imbalance in superconductor-normal metal mesoscopic structures

We analysed the electron-hole or, in another words, branch imbalance (BI) and the related electric potential $V_{imb}$ which may arise in a mesoscopic superconductor/normal metal (S/N) structure under non-equilibrium conditions in the presence of a supercurrent. Non-equilibrium conditions can be created in different ways: a) a quasiparticle current flowing between the N reservoirs; b) a temperature gradient between the N reservoirs and no quasiparticle current. It is shown that the voltage $V_{imb}$ oscillates with the phase difference $\phi$. In a cross-geometry structure the voltage $V_{imb}$ arises in the vertical branch and affects the conditions for a transition into the $\pi$-state.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Europhysics Letter

Keberkesanan polisi kelulusan membina bangunan di Kota Padang, Sumatera Barat Indonesia

The establishment and implementation of a regulatory system that sets the minimum quality requirements to control land use and building activities so as to provide a safe living environment is vital especially in the rapidly increasing urban population of developing countries. In Kota Padang, Indonesia, land use and building control is carried out through the Building Control Permit (or Izin Mendirikan Bangunan (IMB)). This study evaluates the effectiveness of IMB as a tool to control land use planning and building, and identifies the factor which influences its effectiveness. A survey research approach was used in this study. Data was obtained from building owners both with IMB and without IMB to examine their perceptions of IMB implementation. Interviews with the relevant government officials in order to assess the problems encountered in issuing IMB was also carried out. The study found that the number of buildings with IMB is significantly low (41%) while 59% with IMB do not comply with the minimum requirements. The values of Cramer’s V and Spearman’s correlation coefficient indicate that owners’ income, building function, building location, level of understanding of IMB and capacity of government agency which implement IMB are factors that contribute to the number of IMB application. Factors which influence IMB compliance are knowledge about land use planning, location and building enforcement. The study concludes that the implementation of IMB as land use and building control instrument in Kota Padang currently is not effective. The study suggests the need to improve public awareness and public support for planning and development control by ensuring more active public participation in planning process while the capacity of the government in development control be upgraded

Simulasi Proses Bisnis Pelayanan Izin Mendirikan Bangunan (IMB) Usaha (Studi Kasus : BPMPT Kabupaten Garut)

Pelayanan perizinan yang baik, jelas, dan cepat akan membuat pemohon menjadi puas atas pelayanan yang diberikan. Berhubungan dengan pelayanan perizinan, kabupaten Garut memiliki Dinas yang khusus mengelola perizinan. Dinas tersebut adalah Badan Penanaman Modal dan Perizinan Tepadu (BPMPT).BPMPT ini mengelola sekitar 126 izin untuk melayani masyarakat di Kabupaten Garut.Namun pada kondisi saat ini, hanya sekitar 15jenis i zin sering diajukan oleh berbagai pemohon dari total 126 izin tersebut. Tetapi ada salah satu izin yang sangat sulit untuk diproses dan tergolong rumit yaitu Izin Mendirikan Bangunan (IMB). IMB pada pihak BPMPT dibagi dua yaitu IMB Rumah Tinggal dan IMB Usaha. Berdasarkan kedua jenis IMB tersebut, IMB Usaha tergolong jenis izin yang cukup rumit dibandingkan IMB Rumah Tinggal. Proses IMB Usaha tergolong rumit karena penyelesaian perizinan membutuhkan waktu lama dan aliran proses yang tidak pasti serta tidak jelas. Umumnya waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk penyelesaian IMB kurang lebih 2- 3 bulan atau 30 hari, sedangkan berdasarkan Standar Operasional Prosedur penyelesaian IMB ditargetkan 14 Hari . Walaupun pemerintah telah berusaha untuk memperbaiki proses pelayanan terutama dalam IMB, tetapi tetap tidak bisa dioptimalkan. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka dilakukan analisis terhadap proses bisnis yang berguna untuk menghasilkan usulan proses bisnis menggunakan Business Process Reengineering dengan bantuan metode Business System Planning (BSP) dan penetapan target menggunakan Key Performance Indicator (KPI). Kemudian dari analisa yang dilakukan, proses dimodelkan menggunakan Flow Diagram, Node Index, IDEF O dan VSM serta di validasi menggunakan simulasi. Simulasi yang digunakan adalah BP Simulator. Analisa proses yang telah dilakukan menghasilkan usulan proses bisnis dari segi aliran proses dan waktu pengerjaan. Dengan menggunakan usulan proses bisnis, pelayanan IMB Usaha dapat direduksi menjadi 10 hari atau proses berkurang sebanyak 66.67% dari penyelesaian IMB sekitar 30 hari atau proses berkurang sekitar 85% dari penyelesaian IMB sekitar 2 –3 bulan. Hal tersebut menyebabkan proses mengalami perubahan yang cukup radikal dan proses bisnis terlihat menjadi lebih sederhana. Kata Kunci : Business Process Reeengineering, Business System Planning, Key Performance Indicator, radikal, Bp Simulator

Cellular responses of Candida albicans to phagocytosis and the extracellular activities of neutrophils are critical to counteract carbohydrate starvation, oxidative and nitrosative stress

Acknowledgments We thank Alexander Johnson (yhb1D/D), Karl Kuchler (sodD/D mutants), Janet Quinn (hog1D/D, hog1/cap1D/D, trx1D/D) and Peter Staib (ssu1D/D) for providing mutant strains. We acknowledge helpful discussions with our colleagues from the Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms Department, Fungal Septomics and the Microbial Biochemistry and Physiology Research Group at the Hans Kno¨ll Institute (HKI), specially Ilse D. Jacobsen, Duncan Wilson, Sascha Brunke, Lydia Kasper, Franziska Gerwien, Sea´na Duggan, Katrin Haupt, Kerstin Hu¨nniger, and Matthias Brock, as well as from our partners in the FINSysB Network. Author Contributions Conceived and designed the experiments: PM HW IMB AJPB OK BH. Performed the experiments: PM CD HW. Analyzed the data: PM HW IMB AJPB OK BH. Wrote the paper: PM HW OK AJPB BH.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Clustering of categorical variables around latent variables

In the framework of clustering, the usual aim is to cluster observations and not variables. However the issue of variable clustering clearly appears for dimension reduction, selection of variables or in some case studies (sensory analysis, biochemistry, marketing, etc.). Clustering of variables is then studied as a way to arrange variables into homogeneous clusters, thereby organizing data into meaningful structures. Once the variables are clustered into groups such that variables are similar to the other variables belonging to their cluster, the selection of a subset of variables is possible. Several specific methods have been developed for the clustering of numerical variables. However concerning categorical variables, much less methods have been proposed. In this paper we extend the criterion used by Vigneau and Qannari (2003) in their Clustering around Latent Variables approach for numerical variables to the case of categorical data. The homogeneity criterion of a cluster of categorical variables is defined as the sum of the correlation ratio between the categorical variables and a latent variable, which is in this case a numerical variable. We show that the latent variable maximizing the homogeneity of a cluster can be obtained with Multiple Correspondence Analysis. Different algorithms for the clustering of categorical variables are proposed: iterative relocation algorithm, ascendant and divisive hierarchical clustering. The proposed methodology is illustrated by a real data application to satisfaction of pleasure craft operators.clustering of categorical variables, correlation ratio, iterative relocation algorithm, hierarchical clustering

The Reform of Service Bureaucracy in the County Building Permit in Banyumas

Article licensing service bureaucracy reform is more focusing on three aspect, they are; restructuring the bureaucracy, standard operational procedure rearrangement and the rearrangement of resource agencies. The process of implementation of the restructuring of the bureaucratic Ministry licensing is done through the strengthening of the Organization, with the revamp of the bureaucracy of the Echelon like: Echelon III becomes II, that is equivalent to Echelon team conducting multiple instances servicing building permit, to facilitate coordination and the process of determination of the worth or whether the proposed creation of an IMB permitted by the citizens, and to get the authority publishing letters IMB from Regent to the head of BPMPP in order to shorten the time of clearance process IMB hierarchy; Preparation of the SOP are simpler, clearer and transparent; Apparatus Setup through recruitment and placement apparatus based on competencies, making the details of the task is clear and unequivocal, as well as the development of the ability of the apparatus through the various types of training. Bureaucratic reform is done through the three aspects, are able to improve the quality of service of IMB, one of them was able to shorten the time of completion of the IMB, which had 60-74 completing time work days to 14 working days

Kualitas Pelayanan Izin Mendirikan Bangunan pada Kantor Pelayanan Terpadu Kabupaten Ketapang

Kualitas pelayanan Ijin Mendirikan Bangunan (IMB) pada Kantor Pelayanan Perijinan Terpadu Kabupaten Ketapang, terlihat masih belum sesuai dengan harapan masyarakat. Rendahnya kualiatas pelayanan ini disebabkan oleh beberapa factor diantaranya: (1) lokasi pelayanan yang tidak strategis dan sulit dijangkau; (2)Ipelayanan permohonan izin mendirikan bangunan (IMB) belum memiliki standar yang baku; (3) pelayanan permohonan IMB belum tepat waktu dari waktu yang dijanjikan; (4) besarnya tarif retribusi tidak sesuai dengan Kenyataan; serta (5) pelayanan pemberian izin mendirikan bangunan (IMB) masih diskriminatif. Dalam rangka meningkatkan realibilitas pelayanan IMB yang pada Kenyataannya sangat jauh dari yang diharapkan. Maka diharapkan aparat Kantor Pelayanan Terpadu Kabupaten Ketapang, membuat Standar Operasional Prosedur (SOP) sebagai pedoman apartur dan masyarakat dalam memberikan pelayanan IMB. Sehingga masyarakat tidak bingung dalam mengurus perijinan tersebut

Neutrinos from SN1987A: flavor conversion and interpretation of results

After recent results from solar neutrino experiments and KamLAND we know that neutrinos from SN1987A underwent flavor conversion. This must be taken into account in the analysis of the data. Assuming the normal mass hierarchy of neutrinos we calculate the permutation factors p for the Kamiokande-2, IMB and Baksan detectors. The conversion inside the star leads to p = 0.28 - 0.32; regeneration effects inside the Earth reduce this factor down to 0.15 - 0.20 (at E = 40 MeV). We study in details the influence of conversion on the observed signal depending on the parameters of the original neutrino spectra. For a given set of these parameters, the conversion could increase the average energy of the observed events by up to 50 % and the number of events by a factor of 2 at Kamiokande-2 and of 3 - 5 at IMB. Inversely, we find that neglecting the conversion effects can lead up to 50 % error in the determination of the average energy of the original antinu_e flux and about 50 % error on its luminosity. By comparison with experimental data we conclude that the Kamiokande-2 data alone do not favor strong conversion effect. In contrast, the combined analysis of the Kamiokande and IMB results slightly favors strong conversion effects (that is, large difference of the original spectra). In comparison with the no oscillation case, the latter require lower average energy and higher luminosity of the original antinu_e flux.Comment: LaTeX, 29 pages, 8 figures; typos corrected, references and a note added; conclusions unchange