The Economic and Environmental Effects of an EU Ban on Illegal Logging Imports. Insights from a CGE Assessment

Illegal logging is widely recognized as a major economic problem and one of the causes of environmental degradation. Increasing awareness of its negative effects has fostered a wide range of proposals to combat it by major international conservation groups and political organizations. Following the 2008 US legislation which prohibits the import of illegally harvested wood and wood products, the European Union (EU) is now discussing a legislation proposal which would ban illegal timber from the EU market. In this study we use the ICES computable general equilibrium model to estimate the reallocation of global demand and timber imports following the pending EU legislation. With this exercise our final objective is to assess the economic impacts and measure the potential emission reduction resulting from the introduction of this type of policy. Results show that while the EU ban does not seem particularly effective in reducing illegal logging activities, its main effect will be the removal of illegal logs from the international markets. In addition, the unilateral EU ban on illegal logs increases secondary wood production in illegal logging countries as their exports become relatively more competitive. Through this mechanism, part of the banned, illegal timber will re-enter the international trade flows, but it will be “hidden” as processed wood. This effect is, however, limited. Finally, given the limited effect on overall economic activity, effects on GHG emissions are also limited. Direct carbon emissions from logging activities can decrease from 2.5 to 0.6 million tons per year.Forestry, Illegal Logging, International Trade, Economy and Environment, Computable General Equilibrium Models

Analisis Putusan No.39/Pid.B/2015/PN/Sit Dalam Perkara Tindak Pidana Pembalakan Liar Ditinjau Dari Aspek Keadilan

The Illegal logging is an organized illegal timber use activity. This crime is usually carried out by more than two people in a certain time for the purpose of destroying forests and selling wood products illegally. In Decision No.39/Pid.B/2015/PN.Sit the defendant Asyiani was dropped by a criminal witness of illegal logging thanks to a special criminal offense. Where the defendant has carried out illegal logging on Perhutani's land. The problem with this research is What is the basis for the judge's consideration in Decision No.39/Pid.B/2015/PN.Sit regarding the crime of illegal logging and How due to the law of Decision No.39/Pid.B/2015/PN.Sit about the crime of illegal logging is reviewed from the justice aspect. The research methods used are normative legal methods that use primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, tertiary legal materials and data analysis. The results of the study show less precisely the judge's consideration in the case against the defendant and the legal consequences reviewed from the aspect of pancasila justice were less appropriate because the defendant was given a probation sentence in which the criminal act of illegal logging was one special crime. The author's advice needs to be done with fair funding according to the crime committed by the defendant and this problem can be resolved by deliberatio

Pembalakan Liar (Studi Tentang Pola Jaringan Pembalakan Liar di Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan (TNBBS) Kabupaten Lampung Barat)

Generally, the definition of illegal logging is all activity of logging, purchasing, or log trading without legal permission. Practically, illegal logging is conducted by logging in the area where it basically is prohibited to do such activity, but it becomes legal and perceives as collusion under the permission of local Official Illegal logging is illicitly committed by a criminal network the method used in this research is qualitative. Unstructured interviews and literature studies are used to complete the data. The result of this research shows that despite of the regulation pertaining to illegal logging activity, practically, the illegal activity still occurs in Indonesia with a certain pattern to avoid law administration. It is perceptible to conclude that illegal logging activity in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park or Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan (TNBBS) is the embody of organized crime involving clandestine network that causes complicated law enforcement for such crime to prevail

Decentralizations Effect to Indonesia Forest Illegal Logging Practice

Desentralisasi yang dilaksanakan di Indonesia sejak tahun 1998 menyebabkan kenaikan angka illegal logging pada hutan Indonesia. Illegal logging tidak hanya menyebabkan kerugian pada lingkungan tapi juga pada kegiatan ekonomi. Indonesia sebagai negara dengan hutan terbesar ketiga di dunia, sebagian besar pendapatan penduduknya bertopang pada hasil hutan kayu dan non-kayu. Kegiatan illegal logging akan memberikan kerugian ekonomi pada pemerintah dan juga masyarakat sekitarnya. Illegal logging di era desentralisasi salah satu penyebabnya adalah peraturan yang tumpang tindih. Peraturan menyebabkan meningkatnya biaya produksi terutama biaya tetap

Deforestation, Production Intensity and Land Use Under Insecure Property Rights

We propose a framework with endogenous allocation of land between agricultural production, sustainable forest management, and unsustainable forest exploitation in the form of illegal logging to explore deforestation and agricultural and timber supplies when property rights are insecure. Uncertainty over property rights arises through risk of confiscation on sustainably-managed forest land, and through illegal logging activities on frontier native forest land. Confiscation risk is shown to increase deforestation by increasing both land conversion to agriculture and illegal logging. Contrary to current wisdom, we find that higher timber prices do not necessarily lead to an increase in the land used for sustainable forestry, because higher prices stimulate illegal logging activity. Increased monitoring and stronger enforcement reduce illegal logging, and thus deforestation. Confiscation risk decreases timber supply from unsustainable forestry practices while the affect of timber price on timber supply is ambiguous

KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM PENGENDALIAN ILLEGAL LOGGING DI KABUPATEN PENAJAM PASER UTARA PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TIMUR

Beberapa puluh tahun yang lalu hutan di Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara sangat luas namun apa yang terjadi sekarang hutan hanya tersisa sedikit. Kerusakan hutan yang sedemikian besar disebabkan antara lain oleh pengelolaan hutan yang tidak tepat, penebangan kayu yang berlebihan, pembukaan kawasan hutan dalam skala besar untuk keperluan pembangunan sektor lain, illegal logging, perambahan hutan, dan kebakaran hutan. Penelitian ini melihat apakah kebijakan yang dibuat pemerintah daerah kabupaten penajam paser utara dapat menyelesaikan masalah illegal logging. Permasalahan yang dihadapi yaitu apakah kebijakan hukum di kabupaten penajam paser utara saat ini telah memadai dalam rangka pengendalian illegal logging di kabupaten penajam paser utara. Jenis penelitian yang dilakuakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif. Penelitian hukum yang dilakukan dengan cara meneliti bahan pustaka atau data sekunder belaka, dapat dinamakan penelitian hukum normatif atau penelitian hukum kepustakaan. Kebijakan pemerintah daerah Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara masih menggunakanUU atau regulasi di tingkan nasional dalam mengatasi permasalahan illegal logging.pemerintah daerah belum mempunyai regulasi dalam bentuk peraturan daerah atau kebijakan bupati sehingga pengendalian illegal logging belum maksimal. Kendala-kendala yang dihadapi pemerintah daerah dalam pengendalian illegal logging di Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara ProvinsiKalimantan Timur adalahsifat Illegal logging,sebagai kejahatan luar biasa (extra ordinarycrimes),kurangnyaregulasi,rendahnya ratio luas wilayah disbanding jumlahpolisi kehutanan,kurangnyasarana dan prasarana pengamanan hutan,sertaterlibatnyamasyarakat dalamillegal logging. Upaya yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah daerah dalam mengatasi kendala-kendala pengendalian illegal logging di Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara Provinsi Kalimantan Timuradalah perturan hukum, menciptakan pemerintahan yang baik, menjalankan operasi wanalaga, rekrutmen polisi kehutanan, meningkatkan sarana, prasarana dan angaran, melakukan pemberdayaan terhadap masyarakat dan sosial budaya

Strategi Optimalisasi Peranan Polisi Kehutanan dalam Menanggulangi Illegal Logging di Kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Palung

TNGP forest ranger has made efforts in combating illegal logging, yet there still found any illegal logging that activity. This study aims to identify environmental conditions inside (internal) and outside (external) on the countermeasure illegal logging by TNGP forest ranger, and find alternative strategy which concerns the prevention of illegal logging by TNGP forest ranger. Methods used is observation with interview assisted guide interview. Primary data is sourced from the 17 respondents sample of 11 research object as a purposive sampling. Results of the study and analyze issues or alternative strategies do with SWOT analysis, IFE and EFE were then formulated with SWOT matrix. Research internal, strength factor with the highest weighting, namely the existence of a strategy for tackling illegal logging was done by TNGP forest ranger. A factor of weakness namely forest ranger not comparable to TNGP space. External identification, opportunities factor with the highest weighting namely having authority full given ministry of forestry in addressing all cases criminal act forestry happened in TNGP area. The threat factor is the factors are interest to develop its territory governments. An alternative strategy found that is optimize and increase the capability of forest ranger , maximize of facilities infrastructures and utilizing obtain additional from NGO, illegal logging preventife improvement program based on the authority of forest ranger, maintain and develop the program handling the illegal logging that already exist, maximize the participation of indigenous people, and integrating all components related stakeholders through the opportunities of Presidential Instruction No. 4/2005. Keywords: Strategy, Forest Ranger, Illegal Logging

Kajian Pola-pola Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Sekitar Hutan Produksi dalam Mencegah Illegal Logging

Pola-pola pemberdayaan masyarakat sebagai upaya meningkatkan kondisi sosial ekonomi sudah banyak dilakukan. Namun apakah efektif untuk mencegah illegal logging belum banyak diungkapkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) mengkaji program pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui pola Pembinaan Masyarakat Desa Hutan (PMDH) 2) mengkaji program pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui pola kemitraan; dan (3) mengkaji efektifitas pola pemberdayaan dalam mencegah illegal logging di kawasan hutan produksi. Data indikator pencapaian pemberdayaan yang digunakan adalah (1) Pendapatan masyarakat, (2) Distribusi pendapatan (pengeluaran), dan (3) Penyerapan tenaga kerja. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pemberdayaan masyarakat dengan pola kemitraan effektif dalam upaya pencegahan illegal logging. Untuk itu pemberdayaan masyarakat dengan pola kemitraan dapat terus dilaksanakan dalam upaya pencegahan illegal logging

Indonesia Dan Kerja Sama Forest Law Enforcement Governance and Trade – Voluntary Partnership Agreement (Flegt-vpa) Dalam Menangani Perdagangan Kayu Ilegal Di Indonesia

Illegal logging is an environmental issue that is becoming one of the majorfocus of the International agendas. Losses due to illegal logging not onlyaffects the environment sector but also in the economic, legal and social sector.As one of the largest wood exporting countries for the European Union,Indonesia holds an important role in addressing illegal logging in both theEuropean Union and in Indonesia itself. In addressing the issue, Indonesia andthe European Union establish a cooperation framework called the Forest LawEnforcement Governance and Trade - Voluntary Partnership Agreement (VPA).This study research seeks to analyze Indonesia's background in it'sparticipation on FLEGT – VPA -that is pioneered by the European Union as- aframework in preventing cases of illegal logging in Indonesia, as one of themajor exporters of the European Union. This study reseach is usingqualitative-descriptive method. This study research also uses the theory ofinternational regimes of Snidal. The results of this study research proves thatthe collaboration regime of FLEGT-VPA had a positive impact on reducing thenumbers of illegal logging and increasing the export number from Indonesia