Monophyly of brachiopods and phoronids: reconciliation of molecular evidence with Linnaean classification (the subphylum Phoroniformea nov.)

Molecular phylogenetic analyses of aligned 18S rDNA gene sequences from articulate and inarticulate brachiopods representing all major extant lineages, an enhanced set of phoronids and several unrelated protostome taxa, confirm previous indications that in such data, brachiopod and phoronids form a well-supported clade that (on previous evidence) is unambiguously affiliated with protostomes rather than deuterostomes. Within the brachiopod-phoronid clade, an association between phoronids and inarticulate brachiopods is moderately well supported, whilst a close relationship between phoronids and craniid inarticulates is weakly indicated. Brachiopod-phoronid monophyly is reconciled with the most recent Linnaean classification of brachiopods by abolition of the phylum Phoronida and rediagnosis of the phylum Brachiopoda to include tubiculous, shell-less forms. Recognition that brachiopods and phoronids are close genealogical allies of protostome phyla such as molluscs and annelids, but are much more distantly related to deuterostome phyla such as echinoderms and chordates, implies either (or both) that the morphology and ontogeny of blastopore, mesoderm and coelom formation have been widely misreported or misinterpreted, or that these characters have been subject to extensive homoplasy. This inference, if true, undermines virtually all morphology-based reconstructions of phylogeny made during the past century or more

依据ITS rDNA序列探讨我国盾腹虫属种类的系统发育关系(英文)

盾腹吸虫为寄生扁形动物中一小的类群。我国已报道7种盾腹吸虫,其中5种隶属于盾腹虫属(Aspidogastridae,Aspidogastrinae)。研究测定了在我国采集到的4种盾腹虫属吸虫的核糖体DNA转录内间隔区(ITSrDNA)序列,并分别采用邻接法和最大似然法构建分子系统发育树。结果显示,这4种盾腹吸虫的ITS-1和ITS-2序列的长度分别在728—877bp和518—645bp之间,其G+C含量分别在50.1%—52.3%和49.2%—52.2%范围内。4种盾腹吸虫的种间遗传距离在0.2%—2

Agile values and their implementation in practice

Today agile approaches are often used for the development of digital products. Since their development in the 90s, Agile Methodologies, such as Scrum and Extreme Programming, have evolved. Team collaboration is strongly influenced by the values and principles of the Agile Manifesto. The values and principles described in the Agile Manifesto support the optimization of the development process. In this article, the current operation is analyzed in Agile Product Development Processes. Both, the cooperation in the project team and the understanding of the roles and tasks will be analyzed. The results are set in relation to the best practices of Agile Methodologies. A quantitative questionnaire related to best practices in Agile Product Development was developed. The study was carried out with 175 interdisciplinary participants from the IT industry. For the evaluation of the results, 93 participants were included who have expertise in the subject area Agile Methodologies. On one hand, it is shown that the collaborative development of product-related ideas brings benefits. On the other hand, it is investigated which effect a good understanding of the product has on decisions made during the implementation. Furthermore, the skillset of product managers, the use of pair programming, and the advantages of cross-functional teams are analyzed.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación TIN2013-46928-C3-3-

丹江口水库鲤肠道寄生蠕虫群落结构与季节动态

2004年2月到2005年11月在丹江口水库库区206尾鲤(Cyprinus carpio)肠道中检获蠕虫11种,其中复殖吸虫3种,线虫5种,棘头虫2种,绦虫1种。总体感染率为45.63%,平均感染丰度为4.23±12.65,平均感染强度为9.29±17.48,其中饭岛盾腹吸虫(Aspidogaster ijimai)的总感染率(25.24%)和平均感染丰度(1.76±6.46)最大,瓣睾鲫吸虫(Carassatrema lamellorchis)的感染强度(25.00±46.68)最大。除部分平均感染丰度较低的线虫如鲤带巾线虫(Cucullanus cyprini)外,其他蠕虫的分布类型均为聚集分布,蠕虫群落多样性指数为4.63,均匀度指数为0.60,对群落多样性的季节动态分析表明,各季节群落多样性和均匀度波动较大,并无明显变化规律。每尾鲤感染蠕虫种数多在1—4种之间,所有感染的11种蠕虫中优势种为饭岛盾腹吸虫;次优势种为日本侧殖吸虫(Asymphylodora japonica)、中华许氏绦虫(Khawia sinensis)、瓣睾棘吸虫和鲤长棘吻虫(Rhadinarhynchus cyprini);非优势种为对盲囊线虫(Contracaecum sp.)、鲤带巾线虫、鲤杆咽吸虫(Rhabdochona cyprini)、黄颡刺盖线虫(Spinitectus gigi)、毛细线虫(Capillaria sp.)和木村小棘吻虫(Micracanthorhynchina motomurai)。在种间协调关系方面,鲤杆咽线虫和瓣睾鲫吸虫、鲤长棘吻虫和饭岛盾腹吸虫、对盲囊线虫和木村小棘吻虫、鲤长棘吻虫和木村小棘吻虫之间分别存在显著正关联。对优势种和次优势种蠕虫中种群的季节动态分析表明,鲤寄生蠕虫各组分的感染率和平均感染丰度存在显著的季节差异,在秋、冬季节的感染水平普遍比较高,而到春夏则急剧下降,但中华许氏绦虫无显著季节变化

A new species of Orobdella (Hirudinida, Arhynchobdellida, Gastrostomobdellidae) and redescription of Orobdella kawakatsuorum from Hokkaido, Japan with the phylogenetic position of the new species.

A new quadrannulate Orobdella Oka, 1895 species, Orobdella koikeisp. n., is described on the basis of six specimens collected from Hokkaido, Japan. In addition, an emended description of quadrannulate Orobdella kawakatsuorum Richardson, 1975 is also provided. Orobdella koikei differs from other quadrannulate species of Orobdella in possessing the following combination of characters: color dorsally brown, IV uniannulate, male gonopore at XI b6, gastropore and female gonopore at XIII a1, 1/2 + 4 + 1/2 between gonopores, XXV triannulate, tubular but bulbous at junctions with gastropore and crop gastroporal duct, epididymides in XVII to XIX, and atrial cornua ovate. The phylogenetic position of the newly described species is estimated using mitochondrial COI, tRNA(Cys), tRNA(Met), 12S rDNA, tRNA(Val) and 16S rDNA markers. Orobdella koikei is a sister taxon of Orobdella kakawatsuorum according to the molecular phylogenetic analyses

Kelimpahan Larva Udang Di Sekitar Perairan PT. Kayu Lapis Indonesia, Kaliwungu, Kendal

Pembuangan limbah dari pabrik atau industri, pertanian, maupun limbah domestik dari suatu pemukiman penduduk ke dalam badan air suatu perairan dapat menyebabkan terjadinya degradasi kualitas air, dimana terjadi Perubahan parameter kualitas air yang dikarenakan adanya pencemaran yang dapat mempengaruhi sifat kimia, fisika, dan biologi perairan yang memiliki potensi mencemari lingkungan perairan dan yang pertama kali merasakan dampak tersebut adalah organisme-organisme akuatik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi parameter fisika dan kimia air yang berpengaruh terhadap kelimpahan larva udang dan mengetahui jenis-jenis dominan larva udang di sekitar perairan PT. Kayu Lapis Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama 2 bulan (Mei -Juni 2013). Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dua minggu sekali pada saat pasang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah sistematik random sampling. Pengambilan sampel air dilakukan di empat stasiun, stasiun I merupakan stasiun yang mewakili daerah yang dekat dengan tempat pembuangan limbah ke laut. stasiun II merupakan stasiun yang mewakili daerah lalu lalang kapal, dan stasiun III merupakan stasiun yang mewakili daerah log pond (penyimpanan kayu), dan stasiun IV merupakan stasiun yang mewakili daerah yang dekat dengan muara. Pengambilan sampel larva udang dilakukan pada saat air laut pasang dengan alat yang dibuat seperti bongo net. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perairan di sekitar PT. Kayu Lapis Indonesia masih termasuk dalam klasifikasi sedang, hal ini dapat dilihat pada hasil pengukuran kualitas air seperti salinitas, suhu, kecerahan, kedalaman, DO, BOD, COD, Nitrit, Amonia, Fenol dan pH yang masih dibawah Baku Mutu Air Laut untuk Biota Laut sesuai dengan Keputusan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 51 Tahun 2004. Adapun jenis-jenis larva udang yang di dapat adalah Acetes japonicus, Nematocelis gracilis, Tenagomysis orientalis, Thysanopoda cornuta, Nematocelis atlantica, Neomysis intermedia, Anisomysis ijimai, Neomysis spinosa dan yang mendominasi adalah Acetes japonicus, hal ini dikarenakan faktor lingkungan yang mendukung untuk pertumbuhan larva jenis Acetes japonicus dan mampu bertahan hidup di daerah tropis dan pada perairan dangkal

Learning models for semantic classification of insufficient plantar pressure images

Establishing a reliable and stable model to predict a target by using insufficient labeled samples is feasible and effective, particularly, for a sensor-generated data-set. This paper has been inspired with insufficient data-set learning algorithms, such as metric-based, prototype networks and meta-learning, and therefore we propose an insufficient data-set transfer model learning method. Firstly, two basic models for transfer learning are introduced. A classification system and calculation criteria are then subsequently introduced. Secondly, a dataset of plantar pressure for comfort shoe design is acquired and preprocessed through foot scan system; and by using a pre-trained convolution neural network employing AlexNet and convolution neural network (CNN)- based transfer modeling, the classification accuracy of the plantar pressure images is over 93.5%. Finally, the proposed method has been compared to the current classifiers VGG, ResNet, AlexNet and pre-trained CNN. Also, our work is compared with known-scaling and shifting (SS) and unknown-plain slot (PS) partition methods on the public test databases: SUN, CUB, AWA1, AWA2, and aPY with indices of precision (tr, ts, H) and time (training and evaluation). The proposed method for the plantar pressure classification task shows high performance in most indices when comparing with other methods. The transfer learning-based method can be applied to other insufficient data-sets of sensor imaging fields

Challenges for the Adoption of Model-Driven Web Engineering Approaches in Industry

Model-driven web engineering approaches have become an attractive research and technology solution for Web application development. However, after 20 years of development, they have attracted little attention from the Industry due to the mismatch between technical versus research requirements. In this joint work between academia and industry, the authors present the current problems of using these approaches in scale and provide guidelines to convert them into viable industry solutions.Ministerio de ciencia e Innovación TIN2016-76956-C3-2-RMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2015-71938-RED

Enterprise Experience into the Integration of Human-Centered Design and Kanban

he integration of Human-Centered Design (HCD) and Agile Software Development (ASD) promises the development of competitive products comprising a good User Experience (UX). This study has investigated the integration of HCD and Kanban with the aim to gain industrial experiences in a real world context. A case study showed that requirements flow into the development process in a structured manner by adding a design board. To this end, the transparency concerning recurring requirements increased. We contribute to the body of knowledge of software development by providing practical insights into Human-Centered Agile Development (HCAD). On one hand, it is shown that the integration of HCD and Kanban leads to a product with a good UX and makes the development process more human-centered. On the other hand, we conclude that a cross-functional collaboration speeds up product development.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2013-46928-C3-3-RMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2015-71938-RED