Asupan Sumber Natrium, Rasio Kalium Natrium, Aktivitas Fisik, Dan Tekanan Darah Pasien Hipertensi

Background. Sodium and potassium is the major cation in the extracellular fluid of the body which have the function to regulate fluid and acid base balance of the body. They play a role in nerve transmission and muscle contraction. Excessive intake can cause the distruction body\u27s balance, which can lead to oedema, ascites, and hypertention. Objective. This study aims to describe sodium intake, potassium sodium ratio, physical activity as risk factor for hypertention. Method. This was a descriptive analytic study with case control design was conducted at Puskesmas Sleman in July 2013. The independent variables were sodium intake, potassium sodium ratio and physical activity, while the dependent variable is hypertention status. Subject were 50 patients, 25 subjects with hypertention and 25 non hypertention, matching in sex and age. Sampling method were using accidental sampling. Inclusion criteria were new patients, >18 years old, willing to participate in the study, and able to communicate. Food intake was obtained using semi quantitative food frequency form during the past one month. Physical activity was measured using questionnaire of physical activity the past one week. All the questions asked in conjunction with blood pressure checks. Analysis used are chi square test and logistic regression. Results. Subjects with hypertention have more sodium intake (84%), compared to 52 percent of non hypertention subjects. The two groups had different intake of sodium and potassium, as 84 percent of subjects with hypertension had more sodium intake, and 52 percent of non hypertension subjects had moderate sodium intake. Conclusion. High sodium intake can increase the risk of hypertention (p=0.016, OR=5.7, CI 95% 1.51-21.42). Less potassium sodium ratio can increase hypertention (p= 0.025, OR=5.8, CI 95% 1.36-24.33). Less of physical activity increase the risk of hypertention (p=0.032, OR=4.9, CI 95% 1.29-18.26). Logistic regression analysis showed that physical activity was the most significant risk factor of hypertention (p=0.035, OR 4.7, CI 95% 1.12-19.67)

Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga dengan Motivasi Lansia Hipertensi dalam Memeriksakan Tekanan Darahnya

The aim of this research was to identify the correlation between family support and motivation of elderly with hypertention to control their blood pressure. The method of this research was a descriptive correlative with cross sectional approach. The sample in this research were 91 eldest with hypertention residing in the village of South Tangkerang with cluster sampling technique and stratified random sampling with 91 elderly which was selected based on inclusion criteria. The instrument was a questionnaire contains of 27 statement which had been tested the validity and reliability. The analysis used univariate and bivariate analysis by using Chi-squared test. The result showed that 50 respondent (54,9%) had possitive support and 49 respondent (53,8%) had high motivation. Chi-square test showed p value = 0,000 < (α = 0,05), it means that there is a correlation between family support and motivation of elderly with hypertention to control their blood pressure. Based on the result of this study, it recommended to family for caring the elderly to control their blood pressure in order to increase elderly's biology, psychology, social, and spirituality

Central Obesity and BMI Associated with Different Phenotypes of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Adolescent

Adipose tissue distribution is effective in metabolic complications resulting from obesity. Fat accumulation in the body, particularly increase in visceral fat, is a major risk factor of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity and android obesity based on various phenotypes of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) in 14-18 year old high-school girl students in Shiraz in 2009. This descriptive study was conducted on 14-18 year old high-school girl students in Shiraz in 2009. Considering the confidence coefficient of 95% and loss rate of 20%, a 3190subject sample size was determined for the study. The participants were selected through purposive sampling. After obtaining written informed consents, demographic information questionnaire was completed and the participants were examined regarding hirsutism, acne, alopecia, and menstrual disorders. Besides, the criteria proposed by Adams et al. were employed to diagnose PCOS in sonography. Android obesity and Body Mass Index (BMI) were evaluated, as well. The results of independent t-test showed no significant difference among various phenotypes of PCOS regarding mean android obesity and BMI (P&gt;0.05). The results of the present study revealed no significant relationship between girl adolescents\u27 obesity and various phenotypes of PCOS. However, adolescents should be informed about the long-term hyperandrogenic outcomes which are accompanied by insulin secretion and endanger their health after the age of 40 years

Determinan Hipertensi pada Masyarakat Miskin Kota Banda Aceh

Hipertensi merupakan faktor risiko utama untuk penyakit kardiovaskular dimana prevalensinya secaraumum lebih tinggi pada wilayah miskin dibandingkan dengan wilayah kaya. Penelitian ini bertujuanuntuk membuktikan bahwa hipertensi merupakan masalah kesehatan utama pada penduduk miskinusia produktif dan usia tua di Kota Banda Aceh. Penelitian ini dilakukan karena data tentang hipertensipada masyarakat miskin di Kota Banda Aceh belum tersedia. Penelitian yang telah dilakukan dari bulanApril sampai November 2012 merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan desain potong lintangdan teknik penarikan sampel secara purposive di daerah perkotaan Gampong Ceurih, KecamatanUlee Kareng, Kota Banda Aceh, Provinsi Aceh. Analisis bivariat dan multivariat digunakan untukmeneliti hubungan antara beberapa karakteristik individu dengan hipertensi. Analisis statistik secarabivariat memperlihatkan bahwa kelompok umur dan latar belakang pendidikan signifian terhadapkejadian hipertensi stage-1. Hasil analisis multivariat diperoleh karakteristik individu orang miskin yangmenentukan hipertensi secara signifian berturut-turut adalah kelompok umur 55-90 tahun (OR = 58,15p = 0,000; 95% CI 7,09-476,7), umur 43-54 tahun (OR = 11,07 p = 0,028; 95% CI 1,30-94,0) dan umur31-42 tahun (OR = 8,75 p = 0,044;95 % CI 1,05-72,6). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hipertensimerupakan masalah kesehatan umum masyarakat miskin di populasi Kota Banda Aceh. Intervensiprogram pemerintah dibutuhkan dalam upaya pencegahan hipertensi seperti penyuluhan makanansehat dan kemudahan akses untuk memperolehnya, aktifias fiik yang adekuat serta mengontroltekanan darah secara rutin

Gender Differential in the Association of Body Mass Index and Abdominal Obesity with Prehypertension and Hypertension in Iranian Adults

*Objective:* The aim of this study was to determine the gender differential in the relationship of body mass index (BMI) and abdominal obesity with blood pressure (BP) and prevalence of hypertension (HTN) and prehypertension (Pre-HTN) among the adult population of Iran.&#xd;&#xa;&#xd;&#xa;*Design:* A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted from December 2004 to February 2005. The selection was conducted by stratified probability cluster sampling through household family members in Iran.&#xd;&#xa;&#xd;&#xa;*Subjects and Measurements:* Weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and systolic and diastolic BP of 45,082 men and 44,322 women aged 15-65 (mean 39.2) were measured. &#xd;&#xa;&#xd;&#xa;*Results:* The prevalence of HTN was 25.2% in men and 24.8% in women; and 50.1% of men and 39.1% of women were pre-hypertensive. WC and BMI were strongly associated with BP in both genders. Multivariate analysis revealed that both WC and BMI had the stronger association with HTN and Pre-HTN in men than women. Compared to men and women with normal weight, the multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval) of HTN was 5.75 (5.13, 6.44) for men and 4.29 (3.95, 4.66) for women with BMI &#x2265; 30. The multivariate OR of prevalence HTN in men with abdominal obesity compared with men without was 3.76 (3.41, 4.22) and in women, 2.92 (2.73, 3.13).&#xd;&#xa;&#xd;&#xa;*Conclusion:* These data indicate that both BMI and WC had the stronger association with HTN and Pre-HTN in men than women. &#xd;&#xa

Risk Factors in the Incidence of Gouty Arthritis in Masohi Town, Central Maluku Regency in 2010

The gouty arthritis incidence rate in Masohi Townof Central Maluku Regency is 54 people based on the data from the general &nbsp;hospital in Masohi. The aim of study was to find out the risk factor in the incidence of gouty arthritis in Masohi Town of Central Maluku Regency. The study was analytic observation using a control case study. The number of respondents was 196 people consisting of 98 cases and 98 controls. The data were analyzed by using odds ratio (OR) and multiple logistic regression. The results of the study indicate that the risk factors in the incidence of gouty arthritis are hypertension (OR = 2.20 CI 95%; 1.24-3.90), central obesity (OR = 3.04 CI 95%; 1.66-5.55), alcoholic comsumption (OR = 2.28 CI 95%; 1.29-4.05), purine food consumption (OR = 5.14 CI 95% 2.80-9.44), gout history in family (OR = 3.10 CI 95%; 1.73-5.55), and soft drink consumption (OR = 1.33 CI 95%; 0.72-2.45). The multivariate analysis indicates that the most dominant factor affecting the incidence of gouty arthritis is purine food consumption (p = 0.000). &nbsp;Since the consumption of purine food is the most dominant factor affecting the incidence of gouty arthritis, diet pattern is necessary for the patients

Usefulness of High Mobility Group Box 1 Protein as a Plasma Biomarker in Patient with Peripheral Artery Disease

Atherosclerosis is often associated with chronic vascular inflammation. High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) plays various roles, not only as a transcriptional regulatory factor in the nucleus, but also as an inflammatory mediator. A previous study suggested that fibrinogen is an important factor associated with atherosclerosis progression. The present study was performed to examine the levels of plasma HMGB1 protein in atherosclerosis patients. We studied 24 patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) with atherosclerosis, and 10 healthy controls. We found that the concentrations of HMGB1 were increased in the plasma of the patients with atherosclerosis, and there were significant correlations between the plasma HMGB1 and fibrinogen levels. Plasma HMGB1 may play a key role in the pathogenesis of clinical and experimental atherosclerosis

فعاليت آنزيم مبدل آنژيوتانسين، ميزان ليپيدها و آپوليپوپروتئين‌ها در بيماران مبتلا به گرفتگی عروق کرونر

زمينه و هدف: در حال حاضر مهم‌ترين علت مرگ و مير در کشورهای در حال توسعه، بيماری‌های قلبی و عروقی (CAD=Coronary artery disease) است. در اتيولوژی اين بيماری، فاکتورهای مختلفی شرکت دارند. در اين مطالعه، برخی از فاکتورهای مهم مورد ارزيابی قرار گرفتند. روش بررسی: در اين مطالعه مقطعی، 94 فرد سالم و 106 فرد بيمار مبتلا به تنگی عروق بيش از 50% که جهت آنژيوگرافی به بيمارستان شهيد رجايی مراجعه کرده بودند، انتخاب شدند. ميزان TG، HDL-C، VLDL-C، APO A1، APO B100، BMI و فعاليت ACE(Angiotensin converting enzyme) در آنها مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. يافته‌ها: نتايج نشان دادند که فعاليت ACE سرم، HDL-C، TG، VLDL-C، APO A1 و BMI در مقايسه با گروه کنترل به طور معنی‌داری تفاوت داشتند؛ بعلاوه براساس آناليز رگرسيون خطی چند متغيره، ميزان Odd ratio برای فعاليت ACE، کلسترول، HDL-C و VLDL-C به ترتيب 08/1، 24/1، 05/1 و 68/0 در ارتباط با بروز CAD بود. هيچ ارتباطی ميان فعاليت ACE و ديگر فاکتورها ديده نشد. نتيجه‌گيری: احتمالاً افزايش ACE سرم به عنوان يک فاکتور مستقل در بروز CAD نقش دارد و مهار آن می‌تواند فرايند آترواسکلروز را به تاخير اندازد