A Measure for Ending Hunger in the United States

Hunger is a persistent problem in the United States. In 1999, three percent of U.S. households (more than 7.5 million people) were food insecure with hunger.2(p7) An additional seven percent of households (more than 23 million people) were food insecure without hunger. In all, 31 million Americans, including 12 million children, did not have enough food to meet their basic needs.In response, PARTNERS IN ENDING HUNGER (a grass-roots organization with over 17 years of experience) has declared itself an organization accountable for providing communities with the tools and training necessary to create and implement effective action plans for ending hunger (see Appendix A). Two essential tools for this work are: (1) a direct and accurate way to measure hunger in a community and (2) criteria that define when hunger has ended.The hunger measure PARTNERS has chosen is the U.S. Household Food Security Measure. It is a survey instrument and severity scale developed under the joint leadership of the U.S. Departments of Agriculture (USDA) and Health and Human Services (HHS). It has been used to measure the extent of hunger at national and state levels since 1995 and was specifically designed to be used at the local level as well.Building on distinctions and definitions presented in the U.S. Household Food Security Measure, PARTNERS has established criteria that define when hunger in a community has ended. According to PARTNERS' criteria, a community has ended hunger when, for two consecutive years, the results of the U.S. Household Food Security Measure show that none of the community's households have members who experience hunger and four percent or fewer of the community's households experience food insecurity. PARTNERS asserts that when communities meet these criteria and sustain these results over time, they have ended the persistence of hunger. These communities will then serve as models and catalysts for other communities to do the same

Almost flat bundles and homological invariance of infinite K-area

We extend the notion of an almost flat bundle over a closed Riemannian manifold to bundles over simplicial complexes, and prove that up to a constant factor, this notion is invariant under pullback via maps which induce isomorphisms on fundamental groups. As an application, we show that the property of having infinite K-area only depends on the image of the fundamental class under the classifying map of the universal cover.Comment: 35 page

From the morality of living to the morality of sying: hunger strikes in Turkish prisons

Political hunger strikes have been part of the debates on human rights in many countries around the world. This paper explores the preconditions for and motives behind hunger strikes in Turkey by conceiving the hunger strikers as a part of citizenship politics through which strikers not only express their views against certain common issues, but also declare total opposition to an unjust condition within their political community. The paper focuses on the question of why some such “citizens” choose to participate in hunger strikes, which appears as an individual commitment to achieve a certain common objective. In doing so, the meaning of the experiences of hunger strikers and their universal right to live are elaborated in relation to their political and moral views. Hunger strikes are suggested to be seen as voluntary fasting, undertaken as a means of civil disobedience against an injustice within the context of citizenship. As examples of non-violent political acts, hunger strikes are not only part of citizenship politics but also expressions of commitment to achieving one’s goals through non-aggressive means for the common good of all citizens. Moreover, they can also be considered examples of martyrdom/heroism because hunger strikers altruistically risk their life for a public cause. As a particular altruistic act, hunger strikes can also be viewed as an effective form of communication directed toward fellow citizens. Moreover, they are expressions of self-determination for having control over and for one’s own life conditions. Finally, hunger strikes can be conceptualized as a struggle for transforming the configuration of structures and practices of citizenship about which one is passionately concerned. In this context, hunger strikes seem to be struggles for recognition in a relationship between two subjects, in which one subordinates the other

Child Food Insecurity: The Economic Impact on our Nation

In this report we present the results of Children's HealthWatch's recent research on the associations of food insecurity and hunger, as measured by the US Food Security Scale, with child health, growth and development.In addition, we place these research results within the context of other research on food security and hunger over the past ten years. Several important themes emerge from the research we describe. These include:Child Hunger is a Health ProblemChild Hunger is an Educational Problem Child Hunger is a Workforce and Job Readiness Proble

Matching missions: hunger relief programs and impact of food donation partners in Northwest Arkansas

In 2012 and 2013, Arkansas ranked first in the nation in food insecurity in both categories of “low food secure” (21.2%) and “very low food secure” (8.4%). The Cobblestone Project developed a hunger relief donation partner, The Farm, in order to help address food insecurity in Northwest Arkansas. In spring 2014, The Farm partnered with the University of Arkansas to 1) better understand the demographics and need of hunger relief organizations, 2) calculate the impact of donations to hunger relief organizations, and 3) assess satisfaction of donations from The Farm to hunger relief organizations. A series of surveys were targeted to hunger relief organizations that The Farm serves to meet these objectives. Statistical analyses of survey data provided the following results: 1) Demographics and needs of hunger relief organizations: there were no significant differences in demographics served (age and gender) among organizations that put different values on hunger relief in their mission statements. Additionally, there was no significant difference between the number of people served and the functional type (pantry, soup kitchen, in-house) of the organization. 2) The impact of donations: during the 2014 harvest, 10,863 kg of food were donated by The Farm impacting a total of 12,598 recipients. 3) Satisfaction regarding the quality, quantity and diversity of the commodities donated: there is a difference in usefulness of produce that is easily prepared with known recipes and for large amounts of people. This survey showed bell peppers, cabbage, potatoes, zucchini, tomatoes, and lettuce to be considered most beneficial

The poorest and hungry: Looking below the line

Poverty reduction, Poverty dynamics, Hunger, Trends in global hunger, MDGs, Development assistance,

Hunger in America 2010 Executive Summary

Feeding America seeks not only to immediately alleviate hunger through distribution of food and grocery products to people in need, but also to address the problem of hunger in the long-term by increasing awareness among the public, connecting clients seeking emergency food assistance with federal benefits, and advocating for changes to programs and policies that support low-income Americans and ultimately end hunger. This is our fifth extensive study of hunger, which we have conducted quadrennially since 1993. Through more than 61,000 face-to-face client interviews and more than 37,000 surveys of local charitable agencies, Hunger in America 2010 captures detailed information about who is in need of emergency food assistance and their circumstances, which, in turn, helps charitable feeding organizations develop programs that best support hungry Americans. The results also better inform the public policy discourse so that federal nutrition programs can better serve those in need

The Hunger Games

Governments and their international agencies (FAO, World Bank) conceive of the eradication of hunger and poverty as a worthy wish that will eventually be realized through economic growth. They also make great cosmetic efforts to present as good-looking trend pictures as they can. Citizens ought to insist that the eradication of severe deprivations is a human rights correlative duty that permits no avoidable delay. Academics ought to collaborate toward providing a systematic alternative monitoring of what progress has really been made against undernourishment and other povertyrelated deprivations

A General Rate Duality of the MIMO Multiple Access Channel and the MIMO Broadcast Channel

We present a general rate duality between the multiple access channel (MAC) and the broadcast channel (BC) which is applicable to systems with and without nonlinear interference cancellation. Different to the state-of-the-art rate duality with interference subtraction from Vishwanath et al., the proposed duality is filter-based instead of covariance-based and exploits the arising unitary degree of freedom to decorrelate every point-to-point link. Therefore, it allows for noncooperative stream-wise decoding which reduces complexity and latency. Moreover, the conversion from one domain to the other does not exhibit any dependencies during its computation making it accessible to a parallel implementation instead of a serial one. We additionally derive a rate duality for systems with multi-antenna terminals when linear filtering without interference (pre-)subtraction is applied and the different streams of a single user are not treated as self-interference. Both dualities are based on a framework already applied to a mean-square-error duality between the MAC and the BC. Thanks to this novel rate duality, any rate-based optimization with linear filtering in the BC can now be handled in the dual MAC where the arising expressions lead to more efficient algorithmic solutions than in the BC due to the alignment of the channel and precoder indices.Comment: Submitted to IEEE Globecom 2008; Fixed dimensions of channel matrix H_k and covariance matrix Z_k, slightly modified conclusio

Hunger in America: Suffering We All Pay For

Estimates the recession's impact on food insecurity and the national and state-by-state cost of hunger from hunger-induced illnesses, including depression; poor educational outcomes and reduced lifetime earnings, and private charity to help feed families