How to take into account a student's degree of certainty when evaluating the test results

Abstract—To more adequately gauge the student’s knowledge, it is desirable to take into account not only whether the student’s answers on the test are correct or nor, but also how confident the students are in their answers. For example, a situation when a student gives a wrong answer, but understands his/her lack of knowledge on this topic, is not as harmful as the situation when the student is absolutely confident in his/her wrong answer. In this paper, we use the general decision making theory to describe the best way to take into account the student’s degree of certainty when evaluating the test results. I