301 research outputs found
Techniques for Improving Web Search by Understanding Queries
This thesis investigates the refinement of web search results with a special
focus on the use of clustering and the role of queries. It presents a
collection of new methods for evaluating clustering methods, performing
clustering effectively, and for performing query refinement.
The thesis identifies different types of query, the situations where refinement
is necessary, and the factors affecting search difficulty. It then
analyses hard searches and argues that many of them fail because users
and search engines have different query models.
The thesis identifies best practice for evaluating web search results and
search refinement methods. It finds that none of the commonly used evaluation
measures for clustering meet all of the properties of good evaluation
measures. It then presents new quality and coverage measures that
satisfy all the desired properties and that rank clusterings correctly in all
web page clustering situations.
The thesis argues that current web page clustering methods work well
when different interpretations of the query have distinct vocabulary, but
still have several limitations and often produce incomprehensible clusters.
It then presents a new clustering method that uses the query to guide
the construction of semantically meaningful clusters. The new clustering
method significantly improves performance.
Finally, the thesis explores how searches and queries are composed of
different aspects and shows how to use aspects to reduce the distance between
the query models of search engines and users. It then presents fully
automatic methods that identify query aspects, identify underrepresented
aspects, and predict query difficulty. Used in combination, these methods
have many applications — the thesis describes methods for two of
them. The first method improves the search results for hard queries with
underrepresented aspects by automatically expanding the query using semantically
orthogonal keywords related to the underrepresented aspects.
The second method helps users refine hard ambiguous queries by identifying
the different query interpretations using a clustering of a diverse set
of refinements. Both methods significantly outperform existing methods
Rock Art Pilot Project Main Report
A report on the results of a pilot project to investigate the current state of research, conservation, management and presentation of prehistoric rock art in England commissioned by English Heritage from Archaeology Group, School of Conservation Sciences, Bournemouth Unviersity and the Institute of Archaeology, University College Londo
Theory and Applications for Advanced Text Mining
Due to the growth of computer technologies and web technologies, we can easily collect and store large amounts of text data. We can believe that the data include useful knowledge. Text mining techniques have been studied aggressively in order to extract the knowledge from the data since late 1990s. Even if many important techniques have been developed, the text mining research field continues to expand for the needs arising from various application fields. This book is composed of 9 chapters introducing advanced text mining techniques. They are various techniques from relation extraction to under or less resourced language. I believe that this book will give new knowledge in the text mining field and help many readers open their new research fields
Pseudo-contractions as Gentle Repairs
Updating a knowledge base to remove an unwanted consequence is a challenging task. Some of the original sentences must be either deleted or weakened in such a way that the sentence to be removed is no longer entailed by the resulting set. On the other hand, it is desirable that the existing knowledge be preserved as much as possible, minimising the loss of information. Several approaches to this problem can be found in the literature. In particular, when the knowledge is represented by an ontology, two different families of frameworks have been developed in the literature in the past decades with numerous ideas in common but with little interaction between the communities: applications of AGM-like Belief Change and justification-based Ontology Repair. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between pseudo-contraction operations and gentle repairs. Both aim to avoid the complete deletion of sentences when replacing them with weaker versions is enough to prevent the entailment of the unwanted formula. We show the correspondence between concepts on both sides and investigate under which conditions they are equivalent. Furthermore, we propose a unified notation for the two approaches, which might contribute to the integration of the two areas
Contributions to the cornerstones of interaction in visualization: strengthening the interaction of visualization
Visualization has become an accepted means for data exploration and analysis. Although interaction is an important component of visualization approaches, current visualization research pays less attention to interaction than to aspects of the graphical representation. Therefore, the goal of this work is to strengthen the interaction side of visualization. To this end, we establish a unified view on interaction in visualization. This unified view covers four cornerstones: the data, the tasks, the technology, and the human.Visualisierung hat sich zu einem unverzichtbaren Werkzeug für die Exploration und Analyse von Daten entwickelt. Obwohl Interaktion ein wichtiger Bestandteil solcher Werkzeuge ist, wird der Interaktion in der aktuellen Visualisierungsforschung weniger Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet als Aspekten der graphischen Repräsentation. Daher ist es das Ziel dieser Arbeit, die Interaktion im Bereich der Visualisierung zu stärken. Hierzu wird eine einheitliche Sicht auf Interaktion in der Visualisierung entwickelt
Mobile Robots Navigation
Mobile robots navigation includes different interrelated activities: (i) perception, as obtaining and interpreting sensory information; (ii) exploration, as the strategy that guides the robot to select the next direction to go; (iii) mapping, involving the construction of a spatial representation by using the sensory information perceived; (iv) localization, as the strategy to estimate the robot position within the spatial map; (v) path planning, as the strategy to find a path towards a goal location being optimal or not; and (vi) path execution, where motor actions are determined and adapted to environmental changes. The book addresses those activities by integrating results from the research work of several authors all over the world. Research cases are documented in 32 chapters organized within 7 categories next described
Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems
This open access two-volume set constitutes the proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, TACAS 2021, which was held during March 27 – April 1, 2021, as part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2021. The conference was planned to take place in Luxembourg and changed to an online format due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The total of 41 full papers presented in the proceedings was carefully reviewed and selected from 141 submissions. The volume also contains 7 tool papers; 6 Tool Demo papers, 9 SV-Comp Competition Papers. The papers are organized in topical sections as follows: Part I: Game Theory; SMT Verification; Probabilities; Timed Systems; Neural Networks; Analysis of Network Communication. Part II: Verification Techniques (not SMT); Case Studies; Proof Generation/Validation; Tool Papers; Tool Demo Papers; SV-Comp Tool Competition Papers
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