Climate dependent heat stress mitigation modeling for dairy cattle housing

Production loss due to heat stress is a major concern in the livestock industry. Dairy cattle are especially susceptible to heat stress. Milk production loss due to heat stress accounted for about 1.2 billion dollars in 2010 (Lundeen, 2014). Heat stress occurs when combinations of environmental parameters (temperature, airspeed, relative humidity, etc) reach levels where the animal struggles to release internally produced heat. Implementing mitigation strategies to reduce heat stress has been a crucial need as dairy housing has transitioned from pasture to indoor housing systems. Currently, limited recommendations exist directing producers towards implementing one cooling system over another, specific to the climate in their region. In order to maximize production, producers need the most optimal cooling system in their operation in order to reduce heat stress. To assist producers in heat stress mitigation decision making, a thermal interaction model was developed to quantify heat dissipation from a dairy cow’s core to her surrounding environment using procedures and parameters from published thermal balance models. Environmental input parameters used for the model were taken from typical meteorological year (TMY3) data sets. The objectives of this research were to: (i) analyze the thermal environment’s ability to reduce heat stress in dairy cattle in selected regions using TMY3 data, (ii) model Holstein cattle subjected to evaporative cooling + airspeed, and direct water sprinkling + airspeed cooling systems by region, (iii) create a universal barn/cooling system model to apply to selected regions with given TMY3 data inputs, and (iv) develop contour maps with optimal cooling system recommendations throughout the United States. A thermoregulation model was developed combining equations from previous models to analyze a cow in her ambient environment in a barn to determine if she is heat stressed using various cooling strategies. The model was tested in two stations in California (SN:723890) and Wisconsin (SN:726435). The model’s predictions were within one standard deviation of field data. Once the model was validated, the model was ran for all 215 TMY3 Class 1 stations and contour maps of the U.S. were created for producers to determine which cooling strategy is the most economical in their region. The results from this work show that CCI is a better thermal index than using THI and that the MVCE and LVCE cooling strategies are the most economical cooling strategy for dairy cattle housing when the milk price is fixed at $0.363 kg-1, water price is fixed at$0.0015 gallon-1 and energy cost is fixed at $0.12 kW-hr-1. Multiple maps were made for each of the eight cooling strategies that producers can use with a developed equation to determine which cooling strategy is the most economical for their region

Climate Dependent Heat Stress Mitigation Modeling for Dairy Cattle Housing

Dairy cattle are susceptible to heat stress with reported milk production loss exceeding 1.2 billion dollars in 2010. Heat stress occurs when the local thermal environment prevents adequate dissipation of metabolic heat production over extended periods. Implementing mitigation strategies in order to reduce heat stress has been a crucial need as dairy housing has transitioned from pasture to indoor housing systems. In order to maximize production, producers need the most effective cooling system to reduce heat stress. A heat stress mitigation model was developed using TMY3 data sets as inputs. The objectives of this research were to: (i) analyze the thermal environment’s ability to reduce heat stress in dairy cattle in selected regions using TMY3 data, (ii) model Holstein cattle subjected to various environmental modification systems (elevated airspeed, evaporative pad cooling, direct sprinkling) by region, (iii) create a universal barn/cooling system model to apply to selected regions with given TMY3 data inputs, and (iv) develop contour maps with optimal cooling system recommendations throughout the United States. A transient thermal balance model was developed using equations and parameters from published heat stress models in order to quantify heat dissipation from a dairy cow to her environment. The model was initially tested and evaluated using two TMY3 stations (Fresno, California SN:723890 and Eau Claire, Wisconsin SN:726435). The model’s predictions were within one standard deviation of field data. Once validated, the model was applied to all 215 TMY3 Class 1 stations and contour maps of the U.S. were created for producers to determine which cooling strategy is the most economical in their region

A General Bioaccumulation DEB Model for Mussels

A bioaccumulation model to predict, based on the concentration of contaminants in the water column, the concentration in mussels (Mytillus galloprovinciales) has been implemented and calibrated using experimental data from Thau lagoon (France). The model uses input data from a 3D biogeochemical model that provides biomasses in the different compartments, i.e. phytoplankton, zooplankton and bacteria; and from a 3D fate model that provides the concentrations in the water column as well as in the sediments. The bioaccumulation model is based on the Dynamic Energy Budget approach (DEB). The model predicts correctly the concentrations of several POPs families: PCDD/Fs and PCBs. This is the first step for developing a general screening tool able to predict the bioaccumulation of new chemicals in mussels based on its physico-chemical properties that will contribute to the B(bioaccumulative) and vB assessment. In addition, the model could be use by MS to convert measured concentrations in mussels to water concentrations for WFD (Water Framework Directive) compliance checking.JRC.I.3-Consumer products safety and qualit

Variational classical networks for dynamics in interacting quantum matter

Dynamics in correlated quantum matter is a hard problem, as its exact solution generally involves a computational effort that grows exponentially with the number of constituents. While a remarkable progress has been witnessed in recent years for one-dimensional systems, much less has been achieved for interacting quantum models in higher dimensions, since they incorporate an additional layer of complexity. In this work, we employ a variational method that allows for an efficient and controlled computation of the dynamics of quantum many-body systems in one and higher dimensions. The approach presented here introduces a variational class of wavefunctions based on complex networks of classical spins akin to artificial neural networks, which can be constructed in a controlled fashion. We provide a detailed prescription for such constructions and illustrate their performance by studying quantum quenches in one- and two-dimensional models. In particular, we investigate the nonequilibrium dynamics of a genuinely interacting two-dimensional lattice gauge theory, the quantum link model, for which we have recently shown -- employing the technique discussed thoroughly in this paper -- that it features disorder-free localization dynamics [P. Karpov, et al., arXiv preprint, arXiv:2003.04901 (2020)]. The present work not only supplies a framework to address purely theoretical questions but also could be used to provide a theoretical description of experiments in quantum simulators, which have recently seen an increased effort targeting two-dimensional geometries. Importantly, our method can be applied to any quantum many-body system with a well-defined classical limit.Comment: 19 pages, 12 figure

Geología del Complejo Volcánico Lonquimay-Tolguaca, regiones del Biobío y de La Araucanía

Contiene Anexos: Anexo I.Dataciones Radiométricas ; Anexo II.Análisis Químicos de Roca Total ; Escala: 1:50.000 ; Coordenadas: 38°21’ S y 71°37’ O53 p

Aqueous Extract of Clerodendranthus spicatus

Clerodendranthus spicatus (Thunb.) C.Y.Wu (CS) is commonly used to treat kidney diseases in traditional Chinese medicine for its prominent anti-inflammatory effect and nourishing function to kidneys. In this study, aqueous extract of CS was assessed for its protective effect on UV-induced skin damage of mice. The chemical compositions of CS aqueous extract were determined by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS, in which 10 components were identified. During the experimental period, CS (0.9, 1.8, and 3.6 g/mL) was externally applied to shaved dorsal skins of mice prior to UV irradiation, daily for ten weeks. The results presented that CS (3.6 g/mL) apparently improved photodamaged skin appearance such as erythema, edema, and coarseness. The abnormal epidermal thickening was significantly reduced, and the dermal structures became more complete. The underlying protective mechanisms were associated with improving antioxidant enzymes activities including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), downregulating inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, and PGE2) expressions, recovering collagen density, and reducing matrix metalloproteinases productions. Sun protection factor of CS (3.6 g/mL) was 16.21±0.03. Our findings for the first time demonstrated that CS had therapeutic effect on the photoaged skin. The results indicated that CS is a potential agent for photoprotective cosmetics

Annual reports of the selectmen, treasurer, clerk, school district, road agent, and other officers of the town of Hill, N.H. for the year ending February 15, 1912.

This is an annual report containing vital statistics for a town/city in the state of New Hampshire

Laboratory Reporting of Staphylococcus aureus with Reduced Susceptibility to Vancomycin in United States Department of Veterans Affairs Facilities1

A national survey was sent to all appropriate Veterans Health Administration (VA) medical facilities asking abut the ability to test for Staphylococcus aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin (SARV) (MICs >4 μg/mL). Also, a request was made for the number of patients having SARV isolated during a 1-year period. Nineteen patients from eight sites across the country had isolation of SARV. Of these, MicroScan (Dade Behring, Inc, MicroScan Division, West Sacramento, CA) technology was used for 17 patients, Vitek (Hazelwood, MO) was used for 1 of the remaining 2 patients, and E-test (AB Biiodisk North America, Inc, Piscataway, NJ) for the other. All patients with this organism had microbiology testing done onsite in the reporting VA facility’s College of American Pathologists-approved laboratory. For comparison, similar data were obtained for a 1-year period 2 years prior to the current survey; seven patients from four sites were verified to have a SARV. Between the two survey periods the reported cases of SARV increased 170%, indicating a need for continued surveillance and potentially a need to initiate a collection of isolates for further analysis