Language technology tools and services

At the time of writing, the European Language Grid includes more than 800 LT services of varied types, including machine translation (MT), automatic speech recognition (ASR), text-to-speech synthesis (TTS), and text analysis ranging from simple tokenisers and part-of-speech taggers through to complete named entity recognition and sentiment analysis systems. This chapter gives a high-level summary of the development of the ELG service catalogue over time and digs deeper to discuss the process of service integration by looking at a few example services

Report on the Finnish Language

Language-centric AI is already ubiquitous and language technology is in its intrinsic core. As was stated in the report The Finnish Language in the Digital Age (Koskenniemi et al., 2012): “If there is adequate language technology available, it will be able to ensure the survival of languages with small populations of speakers.” During the last ten years, digitalisation has changed the way we communicate and interact in the world creating an increasing demand for language-based AI services. New skills are needed to be able to cope in the digital world, so digital education and media awareness are now taught in elementary schools. Digital skills are considered new citizen skills. To provide language-based services to an increasing number of users, we need applications that are built on AI, as well as to provide routine services to special groups and to meet accessibility requirements. The still small number of existing applications and services is partly due to the lack of language resources. Also, the small size of the Finnish market area has affected this when large corporations have primarily focused on English with only some support for Finnish in high-demand products in the Finnish market. In the field of language technology, the Finnish language is still only moderately equipped with products, technologies and resources. There are applications and tools for speech synthesis, speech recognition, information retrieval, spelling correction and grammar checking. There are also a few applications for automatically translating language. The situation has improved during the last 10 years, but still support for automated translation leaves room for ample improvement and the general support for spoken language is modest in industry applications although some recent research results are encouraging

Fanning the flames : how the European Union is fuelling a new arms race

Durante la elaboración de este informe, en marzo de 2022, ha estallado una guerra en Europa del Este tras la invasión ilegal de Ucrania por parte de las tropas rusas. Hacia finales de 2021, la inestabilidad en los Balcanes se encuentra a punto de escalar. Las tensiones en el Mar del Sur de China siguen latentes y amenazan la estabilidad regional y global. La guerra y la violencia continúan en Afganistán, Iraq, el Sahel, Siria y Yemen entre otros lugares. Muchas de las naciones más poderosas del mundo están contribuyendo al ruido de sables, reclutando y desplegando tropas, almacenando material militar y preparándose de forma activa para la guerra. La Unión Europea (UE) no es diferente. En vez de defender su principio fundacional de promover la paz, también ha estado trazando un camino para establecerse firmemente como un poder militar mundial. Sin embargo, la historia ha demostrado que lejos de contribuir a la estabilidad y a la paz, el militarismo solo alimenta la tensión, la inestabilidad, la destrucción y la devastación

European Language Grid

This open access book provides an in-depth description of the EU project European Language Grid (ELG). Its motivation lies in the fact that Europe is a multilingual society with 24 official European Union Member State languages and dozens of additional languages including regional and minority languages. The only meaningful way to enable multilingualism and to benefit from this rich linguistic heritage is through Language Technologies (LT) including Natural Language Processing (NLP), Natural Language Understanding (NLU), Speech Technologies and language-centric Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications. The European Language Grid provides a single umbrella platform for the European LT community, including research and industry, effectively functioning as a virtual home, marketplace, showroom, and deployment centre for all services, tools, resources, products and organisations active in the field. Today the ELG cloud platform already offers access to more than 13,000 language processing tools and language resources. It enables all stakeholders to deposit, upload and deploy their technologies and datasets. The platform also supports the long-term objective of establishing digital language equality in Europe by 2030 – to create a situation in which all European languages enjoy equal technological support. This is the very first book dedicated to Language Technology and NLP platforms. Cloud technology has only recently matured enough to make the development of a platform like ELG feasible on a larger scale. The book comprehensively describes the results of the ELG project. Following an introduction, the content is divided into four main parts: (I) ELG Cloud Platform; (II) ELG Inventory of Technologies and Resources; (III) ELG Community and Initiative; and (IV) ELG Open Calls and Pilot Projects

European Language Grid

This open access book provides an in-depth description of the EU project European Language Grid (ELG). Its motivation lies in the fact that Europe is a multilingual society with 24 official European Union Member State languages and dozens of additional languages including regional and minority languages. The only meaningful way to enable multilingualism and to benefit from this rich linguistic heritage is through Language Technologies (LT) including Natural Language Processing (NLP), Natural Language Understanding (NLU), Speech Technologies and language-centric Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications. The European Language Grid provides a single umbrella platform for the European LT community, including research and industry, effectively functioning as a virtual home, marketplace, showroom, and deployment centre for all services, tools, resources, products and organisations active in the field. Today the ELG cloud platform already offers access to more than 13,000 language processing tools and language resources. It enables all stakeholders to deposit, upload and deploy their technologies and datasets. The platform also supports the long-term objective of establishing digital language equality in Europe by 2030 – to create a situation in which all European languages enjoy equal technological support. This is the very first book dedicated to Language Technology and NLP platforms. Cloud technology has only recently matured enough to make the development of a platform like ELG feasible on a larger scale. The book comprehensively describes the results of the ELG project. Following an introduction, the content is divided into four main parts: (I) ELG Cloud Platform; (II) ELG Inventory of Technologies and Resources; (III) ELG Community and Initiative; and (IV) ELG Open Calls and Pilot Projects

The Very Long Game

This open access book is the outcome of a unique multinational effort organized by the Hamburg-based Defense AI Observatory (DAIO) to portray the current state of affairs regarding the use of artificial intelligence (AI) by armed forces around the world. The contributions span a diverse range of geostrategic contexts by providing in-depth case studies on Australia, Canada, China, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Russia, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, Turkey, Ukraine, the UK, and the United States. The book does not speculate about the future implications of AI on armed forces, but rather discusses how armed forces are currently exploring the potential of this emerging technology. By adopting a uniform analytical framework, each case study discusses how armed forces view defense AI; how they are developing AI-enhanced solutions, adapting existing structures and processes, and funding their defense AI endeavors; to what extent defense AI is already fielded and operated; and how soldiers and officers are being trained to work with AI

A German Digital Grand Strategy: Integrating Digital Technology, Economic Competitiveness, and National Security in Times of Geopolitical Change

This report systematically outlines the state of play in digital policy and Berlin's current policy approach. It provides 48 recommendations for strengthening Germany's efforts to build a confident, high-performing European digital economy embedded in an open, democratic, and rules-based digital order

Assessing the Zeitenwende: Implications for Germany, the United States, and Transatlantic Security

Chapter 1 - ©2025 John R. Deni. All rights reserved.Chapter 2 - ©2025 Marina E. Henke. All rights reserved.Chapter 3 - ©2025 John R. Deni. All rights reserved.Chapter 4 - ©2025 Aylin Matlé. All rights reserved.Chapter 5 - ©2025 Sophia Besch. All rights reserved.Chapter 6 - ©2025 Tim Bosch. All rights reserved.Chapter 7 - ©2025 Angela E. Stent. All rights reserved.Chapter 8 - ©2025 Jeffrey D. Rathke and Theresa Luetkefend. All rights reserved.Chapter 9 - ©2025 May-Britt U. Stumbaum and Sharon de Cet. All rights reserved. The essays in this volume analyze Germany’s Zeitenwende, a pivotal shift in security policy triggered by Russia’s reinvasion of Ukraine in February 2022. Key topics include national security strategy, defense policy, energy policy, industrial strategy, and international relations with Russia, China, the United States, NATO, and the EU. Regarding strategy, Germany’s approach lacks focus, offering broad goals without addressing trade-offs or specific threats. On defense policy, the Zeitenwende marked a renewed commitment to defense spending, bolstered by a €100 billion modernization fund. But delays in procurement, operational shortcomings, and an underfunded long-term defense budget hinder Germany. Similar challenges affect the defense industry, despite increased spending and exports. In energy policy, Germany rapidly diversified energy sources and expanded its liquefied natural gas infrastructure to reduce its dependence on Russian gas. Still, achieving energy security, affordability, and sustainability remains complex. Internationally, Germany abandoned decades of Ostpolitik, prioritizing Ukraine over ties with Russia. Germany’s evolving China policy focuses on derisking and maintaining economic ties, raising questions about whether Berlin has reduced vulnerabilities. Though Washington supports Germany’s strategic shift, concerns remain about its sustainability, particularly in Germany’s NATO and EU commitments. Each chapter concludes by identifying the implications for the United States as well as the steps to overcome identified challenges.https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/1972/thumbnail.jp

The Realities of Autonomous Weapons

Available open access digitally under CC-BY-NC-ND licence. The realities of autonomous weapons are a complex blend of both existing military technologies and visions of their future capabilities. The expected ramifications are profound and always point to the interplay between fact and fiction, actual developments and creative imagination. This book explores how these realities shape and become themselves shaped by popular culture, regulatory and ethics debates, military doctrines, policies and research. It examines phenomena ranging from film and artistic interpretations to warfare scenarios and weaponized artificial intelligence. Intended for researchers (including the disciplines of political and social sciences, media, culture and technology), policy makers, educators and journalists, this is a key resource that uncovers how autonomous weapons are constructed as both a technological reality and a futuristic possibility

Actes de la 6e conférence conjointe Journées d'Études sur la Parole (JEP, 33e édition), Traitement Automatique des Langues Naturelles (TALN, 27e édition), Rencontre des Étudiants Chercheurs en Informatique pour le Traitement Automatique des Langues (RÉCITAL, 22e édition. Volume 2 : Traitement Automatique des Langues Naturelles

@ 6ème conférence conjointe: JEP-TALN-RECITAL 2020no abstrac