6 research outputs found
HDR image construction from multi-exposed stereo LDR images
The vast majority of cameras in the market nowadays can only capture a limited dynamic
range of a scene. To generate high dynamic range (HDR) images, most existing methods use
multiple images obtained from a single low dynamic range (LDR) camera at consecutive instances. These methods can obtain good quality HDR images for still or slow motion scenes but not for scenes with fast motion.
In this thesis, we propose the use of two LDR cameras which have different exposures. To
generate an HDR image, the two differently exposed LDR images of the same scene are used. The two LDR images should be captured at the same instance, so as to deal with scenes with fast motion. The most challenging step in this approach is to obtain accurate estimates of the disparity maps of the scenes. This will allow us to correctly align the pixels from the two differently exposed pictures when forming the HDR images. Very few state-of-the-art stereo matching algorithms can deal with the problem of obtaining accurate estimates of the disparity map from two differently exposed images. This is because the input LDR images that are used to construct HDR images have large radiometric changes. In addition, the two input LDR images usually have saturations in different areas. To obtain accurate disparity maps, we present a novel algorithm that obtains an initial estimate of the disparity map. Then a refinement step is used to minimize the edge effect and interpolates the values in the saturated regions.
Compared to other state-of-the-art methods, our algorithm has a simpler set up with only two standard commercial LDR cameras. The offline processing of the LDR images has a simpler cost function, especially the cost function we use in the refinement step of the disparity map. This reduces the computational complexity and thus the processing time of the LDR images to form the HDR image. Moreover, the disparity map computed by our algorithm can tolerate greater radiometric changes and saturations. Therefore, the HDR images constructed by our algorithm are smoother and have fewer defects than those constructed by other methods.Applied Science, Faculty ofElectrical and Computer Engineering, Department ofGraduat
Non-parametric Methods for Automatic Exposure Control, Radiometric Calibration and Dynamic Range Compression
Imaging systems are essential to a wide range of modern day
applications. With the continuous advancement in imaging systems,
there is an on-going need to adapt and improve the imaging
pipeline running inside the imaging systems.
In this thesis, methods are presented to improve the imaging
pipeline of digital cameras. Here we present three methods to
improve important phases of the imaging process, which are (i)
``Automatic exposure adjustment'' (ii) ``Radiometric
calibration'' (iii) ''High dynamic range compression''. These
contributions touch the initial, intermediate and final stages of
imaging pipeline of digital cameras.
For exposure control, we propose two methods. The first makes use
of CCD-based equations to formulate the exposure control problem.
To estimate the exposure time, an initial image was acquired for
each wavelength channel to which contrast adjustment techniques
were applied. This helps to recover a reference cumulative
distribution function of image brightness at each channel. The
second method proposed for automatic exposure control is an
iterative method applicable for a broad range of imaging systems.
It uses spectral sensitivity functions such as the photopic
response functions for the generation of a spectral power image
of the captured scene. A target image is then generated using the
spectral power image by applying histogram equalization. The
exposure time is hence calculated iteratively by minimizing the
squared difference between target and the current spectral power
image. Here we further analyze the method by performing its
stability and controllability analysis using a state space
representation used in control theory. The applicability of the
proposed method for exposure time calculation was shown on real
world scenes using cameras with varying architectures.
Radiometric calibration is the estimate of the non-linear mapping
of the input radiance map to the output brightness values. The
radiometric mapping is represented by the camera response
function with which the radiance map of the scene is estimated.
Our radiometric calibration method employs an L1 cost function by
taking advantage of Weisfeld optimization scheme. The proposed
calibration works with multiple input images of the scene with
varying exposure. It can also perform calibration using a single
input with few constraints. The proposed method outperforms,
quantitatively and qualitatively, various alternative methods
found in the literature of radiometric calibration.
Finally, to realistically represent the estimated radiance maps
on low dynamic range display (LDR) devices, we propose a method
for dynamic range compression. Radiance maps generally have
higher dynamic range (HDR) as compared to the widely used display
devices. Thus, for display purposes, dynamic range compression is
required on HDR images. Our proposed method generates few LDR
images from the HDR radiance map by clipping its values at
different exposures. Using contrast information of each LDR
image generated, the method uses an energy minimization approach
to estimate the probability map of each LDR image. These
probability maps are then used as label set to form final
compressed dynamic range image for the display device. The
results of our method were compared qualitatively and
quantitatively with those produced by widely cited and
professionally used methods