Antioxidant Capacity and Antimicrobial Activity of Commercial Samples of Guava Leaves (\u3cem\u3ePsidium guajava\u3c/em\u3e)

Psidium guajava is a small tree native to South and Central America. Guava leaves have traditionally been used for treating different illnesses. These benefits can be attributed to phenolics and flavonoids produced by guava. The chemical composition of guava leaf extracts was correlated with biological activity. Total phenolics, total flavonoids, ABTS/DPPH, TZM-bl, plaque reduction, XTT, spectrophotometric and Kirby-Bauer assays were used to test phenols, flavonoids, antioxidant properties, antiviral activity, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial activity, respectively. The median cytotoxicity concentration and half-maximal effective concentration values were obtained in order to determine antiviral selectivity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and herpes simplex virus type 1. Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis were evaluated using a spectrophotometric assay and Kirby-Bauer test. The guava leaf extracts had a high phenol (0.8 to 2.1 GAE mg/mL) and flavonoid (62.7 to 182.1 Rutin Eq mg/g DW) content that correlated with high antioxidant capacity and selective antiviral activity (therapeutic index values above 10). Results of antibacterial tests indicated that the extracts have activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria

Prioritized Garbage Collection: Explicit GC Support for Software Caches

Programmers routinely trade space for time to increase performance, often in the form of caching or memoization. In managed languages like Java or JavaScript, however, this space-time tradeoff is complex. Using more space translates into higher garbage collection costs, especially at the limit of available memory. Existing runtime systems provide limited support for space-sensitive algorithms, forcing programmers into difficult and often brittle choices about provisioning. This paper presents prioritized garbage collection, a cooperative programming language and runtime solution to this problem. Prioritized GC provides an interface similar to soft references, called priority references, which identify objects that the collector can reclaim eagerly if necessary. The key difference is an API for defining the policy that governs when priority references are cleared and in what order. Application code specifies a priority value for each reference and a target memory bound. The collector reclaims references, lowest priority first, until the total memory footprint of the cache fits within the bound. We use this API to implement a space-aware least-recently-used (LRU) cache, called a Sache, that is a drop-in replacement for existing caches, such as Google's Guava library. The garbage collector automatically grows and shrinks the Sache in response to available memory and workload with minimal provisioning information from the programmer. Using a Sache, it is almost impossible for an application to experience a memory leak, memory pressure, or an out-of-memory crash caused by software caching.Comment: to appear in OOPSLA 201

Variability and nutritive compounds of guava (Psidium guajava L.)

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a tropical fruit plant. The study was conducted at three different altitudes in guava production center of Indonesia. The objectives of this research are to obtain information about the production and quality of guava at three locations by using manure applications. The study was conducted to guava plants at the age of 4 yr (first production). The study was designed according to the factorial design of 3 × 2 with 5 times replications. The first factor is the locations, which are the location-I (Pageruyung), location-II(Sukorejo) and location- III (Plantungan). The second factor is the provision of organic material of manure; without and with manure (2.5 t · ha–1). The data collected is the guava production (total production for four months tree), diameter, weight, flesh thickness, seeds weight, fruit acid content and sugar content. Result of research showed (1.) the interaction between the location and the addition of manure in the cultivation of guava increased its fruit production, weight, and the sugar content, (2.) the research locations have elevation and soil chemical content varies in fruit diameter, seeds weight, and fruit acid content, (3.) manure significantly increased fruit production, weight, diameter, flesh thickness and sugar content, but it did not increase seeds weight and it reduced the fruit acid content

Timed k-Tail: Automatic Inference of Timed Automata

Accurate and up-to-date models describing the be- havior of software systems are seldom available in practice. To address this issue, software engineers may use specification mining techniques, which can automatically derive models that capture the behavior of the system under analysis. So far, most specification mining techniques focused on the functional behavior of the systems, with specific emphasis on models that represent the ordering of operations, such as tempo- ral rules and finite state models. Although useful, these models are inherently partial. For instance, they miss the timing behavior, which is extremely relevant for many classes of systems and com- ponents, such as shared libraries and user-driven applications. Mining specifications that include both the functional and the timing aspects can improve the applicability of many testing and analysis solutions. This paper addresses this challenge by presenting the Timed k-Tail (TkT) specification mining technique that can mine timed automata from program traces. Since timed automata can effectively represent the interplay between the functional and the timing behavior of a system, TkT could be exploited in those contexts where time-related information is relevant. Our empirical evaluation shows that TkT can efficiently and effectively mine accurate models. The mined models have been used to identify executions with anomalous timing. The evaluation shows that most of the anomalous executions have been correctly identified while producing few false positives

HUBUNGAN POLA PERILAKU BERSIH TELINGA DENGAN KEJADIAN OTITIS EKSTERNA PADA PEKERJA PABRIK PT WIJAYA KARYA BETON PASURUAN

Ear cleaning behavior patterns are procedures carried out to clean dirt or foreign objects in the ear. Cleaning the ears too often and using tools such as cotton buds can damage the lining of the ear canal, triggering otitis externa. Otitis externa is an inflammation that occurs in the ear canal due to bacterial, fungal, or viral infections. This research used an analytical observational method with a cross sectional approach with a sample size of 42 workers. Researchers collected data using a questionnaire. Data analysis using SPSS software with chi-square statistical test. It was found that there was a relationship between the frequency of ear cleaning and the incidence of otitis externa (P = 0.046), there was no relationship between the location of ear cleaning and the incidence of otitis externa (P = 0.214), there was no relationship between the tools used for ear cleaning and the incidence of otitis externa (P = 0.387), there was no relationship between the reason for ear cleaning and the incidence of otitis externa (P = 1.000) and there was a relationship between the symptoms that appeared due to ear cleaning and the incidence of otitis externa (P = 0.000)

Effect of different drying treatments on colour quality and ascorbic acid concentration of guava fruit

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a rich source of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) having high water content (above 80%) which makes it extremely perishable, but storage, handling, processing and transporting becomes difficult due to high moisture content. Therefore, guava needs dehydration process by upholding its natural colour and minimum ascorbic acid losses. We have carried out a comprehensive study to examine the influence of different drying treatments; under direct sunlight, freezing, convection oven (50, 60, 70, 80 and 90°C) and microwave oven (100, 250, 440, 600 and 1000 watts) on ascorbic acid concentration and colour quality of guava. The mean values of ascorbic acid concentration of dried guava slices were changed significantly (P < 0.05) as compared to fresh guava slices. The colour of guava slices became yellowish with an increase in temperature and power of conventional and microwave ovens, respectively. We found freeze drying as the best method for the dehydration of guava in terms of ascorbic acid and natural colour preservation

Empowerment of Fruits Management Through the Increasing Economic Value of Local Product on the Red Guava Cluster

Kendal is one of the regencies in Central Java province, which has superior horticultural products, especially in the production of fruits. Kendal has some types of fruits including “Jambu biji Getas Merah” or red guava. Local communities, especially farmer community established Joint Farmer Group (Gapoktan) of red guava to process it into processed products. The purpose of this research was to analyze issues related to processing of guava in Tambahrejo village. The research used descriptive qualitative analysis with Participatory Rural Appraisal, PRA method. Data were obtained from in-depth interviews with key persons associated with the research. The results showed that based on the analysis of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP), processing of red guava could improve quality assurance and food safety of red guava processed product in order to keep developing the product and fulfill the requirements of consumers. Problems associated with the processing of red guava can be minimized or resolved by the establishment of institution in the community to process guava and cooperation between Gapoktan of red guava and the government, local communities and external parties such as educational institutions, investors and others

Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Jambu Biji (Psidium Guajava L.) sebagai Larvasida Nyamuk Aedes Spp. pada Ovitrap

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is one of medicine plant which leaf has all kind of purpose. Guava leaf contains alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, saponin and etherial oils which effect to kill mosquito larvae. The purpose of this research is to know the effectiveness of guava leaf extract as an Aedes spp. mosquito larvacide in ovitrap and the value of LC50 within 24 hours. This study is a quasi experiment. The method of research using Completely Randomized Design which consist 6 concentrations of guava leaf extract (0 ppm, 500 ppm, 2.500 ppm, 4.500 ppm, 6.500 ppm and 8.500 ppm) by 4 times repetition. Seven hundred and twenty (720) mosquito larvaes are used in 100 ml solution of guava leaf extract. Observation times of Aedes spp. mosquito larvae mortality are 2 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours. Data was analized using Friedman and Kruskal Wallis test with 95% of credibility and probit analysis. According to statistics result indicates average difference of Aedes spp. mosquito larvae death in various guava leaf extract concentration and all time observation is showed by p-value &lt; 0,05. The result of probit analysis showing that LC50 of guava leaf extract on concentration 2.502,67 ppm. As larvacide, the toxicity of guava leaf is safe for non-target organism. The conclusion of this research is guava leaf extract contains chemical substance which can be used as larvacide that most effective on concentration 8.500 ppm (93,33% death percentage) and the amount of the dead Aedes spp. mosquito larvae descended after 12 hours. Guava leaf is expected to be an alternative on Aedes spp. mosquito larvae restraint